ON CAPE BEETON. 311 



3. Capitulation of Canseau iu 17-14, iii. 201, 202. 



4. Papers relating to tlio siege of 1745, including :— Correspondence between Duchambon and Pepiierrell, and 

 Warren during the siege ; articles of capitulation; report of the Coilncil of War, with respect to the surrender of 

 the town; letter of M. Duchambon to the French minister, under date of 2nd September, 1745, giving his olUcial 

 account of the siege and surrender of Louisboiirg, in accordance with instructions sent him. iii. 220-257. 



5- Royal ordinance of the first of November, 1745, providing for the trial of the French soldiers who took part 

 in the revolt at Louisbourg, in the month of December, 1744. At the foot of the ordinance there is the mem : " By a 

 letter from Mr. Karrer, commanding the Swiss regiment, under date of December 11 ; a sergeant had his head cut 

 off, a corporal and a soldier were hanged, and others condemned to various punishments." iii- 262. 



6. A short account of wdiat passed at Cape Breton, from the beginning of the last war until the taking of 

 Louisbourg by the English, in 1758. iii. 465-4SG. [A misprint is here corrected of 1748 for 1758]- 



The writer of this interesting memoir commences by stating that he had served at He Royale from 1750 until 

 1758 and then proceeds to relate "the most memorable events that happened there during the war wit.'i the same 

 truth and impartiality " that he had observed with regard to his other cami)aigns. He is certainly very frank in 

 his statements, and gives us some insight into the mismanagement and peculation that long prevailed at Louis- 

 bourg. He is the first writer who speaks fixvourably of the soil of the island, and its adaptability " for yielding 

 rich harvests of all kinds of grain if cultivated." But, he tells us, that " it would not have been for the interest of 

 the intendant that the island should produce the necessary subsistence of its inhabitants, as the means of their 

 heaping up riches proceeds from the immense number of ships sent yearly from France loaded with flour and salt 

 provisions which they embezzle (from France) for their profit, and often pass them twice in Consumation." " This 

 employment," he adds, "is the utter ruin of the French colonies and the hindrance of their flourishing population, 

 as in the British establishments, by their Tyranny and Robberies." Speakingof M. Franquet " Engineer brigadier 

 general," be says that he " was sent to Louisbourg in 1750 as directeur-general of the fortifications. He pas.sed 

 " several years there, raising plans, forming projects, concluding nothing and consequently nothing executing." 

 He lived " in good friendship and harmony with Prévost the intendant, enjoying a very great salary and undoubt- 

 edly sharing together the spoils." He gives many details of the siege of 1758, and shows the superficial character 

 of tlie work performed on the fortifications by Prévqst and Franquet " who had drawn M. Drucour, governor of He 

 Royale, in their cabal, a brave but very weak and ignorant man in tiie art of war." He does full justice to the 

 bravery of Vauquelain, commander of the Arethuse, and has only words of contempt for the officers of the fleet. 

 Franquet's head, he informs us, " turned upon his arrival in France and he died a few weeks after of chagrin. 

 The intendant Prévost, " one of the greatest rascals that ever escajied the gibbet," was confined in the Bastile after 

 his arrival in l'aris,but his influence and money soon liberated him, and he was afterwards employed as Intendant 

 at L'Orient. The same writer is also authority for the statement, " that unfortunate hero Vauclin [Vau(iuelain] 

 who having commanded a frigate during two years at the island of Bourbon and France, with the usual distin- 

 guished and remarkable good conduct, on his return to France by the unjust ill treatment which he received from 

 M. Boynes in 1773 [17G0?],the then jNIinister of Marine, he shot himself through the head." The same oflicer 

 was in command of the French frigates tliat assisted Levis in his efibrts to regain Quebec in 1760, and distin- 

 guished himself on that occasion. The Moniteur de la Flotte in 1857 states that he was treated shamefully on his 

 return to France, and that despite his efibrts to obtain justice he died in prison in 1763 without being brought to 

 trial. Some authors even say that he was assassinated in prison, but the TSIoniteur does not consider the fact 

 proved, (See I'arneau, " Histoire du Canada," ii. 36'J, n.) As I shall presently show from the latest authority, these 

 statements are not correct as to the place of his death. 



The author of the memoir just cited is believed to be the Chevalier Johnstone, a Scotch Jacobite, who is sup- 

 posed to have written it some years after his return to France from Canada. The original document is deposited 

 in the French war arcliives in Paris, and a copy was first made in 1S55 and placed in the Library of the Legis- 

 lative Assembly at Quebec. Johnstone whose life was full of remarkable interest served in America from 1748 

 until 175U-60, when he acted as aide-de-camp to Chevalier de Levis. His memoir, incorrectly written, but obviously 

 truthful in the main details was published some years ago with other valuable documents by the Literary and 

 Historical Society of Quebec, (See an interesting note with respect to the memoir written by Mr. J. M. Lemoine, 

 " Quebec Lit. and Hist. Society's Doc." 2nd Ser. 1866-7.) The same Society also published two other documents 

 attributed to Johnstone : One " a dialogue in Hades, a parallel of military errors of which the French and English 

 armies were guilty, during the campaign of 1759 in Canada" The other relates to "the Campaign of 1760 in 

 Canada : a Sequel." In the course of this last paper Johnstone gives an account of Vauquelain's brave defence of 

 his frigate I'Atalante in 1760 against the English "who treated him with the regard which bravery can claim 

 at the hands of a generous enemy. It is added that the English Admiral had so great a consideration for 

 him that he sent him to France in an English vessel. " This noble and generous behaviour " says the writer, " did 



