314 J. G. BOUEINOT 



Ile Royale ; 6 volumes of civil status of Ile Royale and Ile St. Jean ; o4 cartons, each containing two or three records 

 relating to the superior council, the bailiwick, criminal proceedings, etc., of Louisbourg; and lastly, IG cartons, con- 

 taining each, at least, two notarial registers of He Royale and of Canada. One of the cartons cited by Marmette 

 contains a number of plans, chiefly of Louisbourg, its fortifications and environs ; also of He Royale, about 1723. 



In the second volume of "Histoire du Canada depuis sa découverte jusqu' a nos jours" par F. X. Garneau 

 (4th éd. Montreal, 1882), Cape Breton obtains full recognition, on account of its importance after 1713, in relation 

 to New France. Chapter iii, sixth book, (i)p. 59.70) narrates its history from 1713 to 1744 ; chapter ii of the eighth 

 book (pp. Kjy-lS'J), the history of Louisbourg from 1744 to 1748 ; chapter iii of the ninth book (pp. 2SU-2S5), in part, 

 the capture of Louisbourg in 1748. Garneau is always a French Canadian, inspired with the most decided parliality 

 on the side of his countrymen, and consequently we must read his record of the old régime as that of a French his- 

 torian. He gives no account of the siege operations of 1745, and contents himself with a meagre narration of the origin 

 of the New England expedition, of the capture, and of its conseiiiieuces. He devotes more space to the second siege, 

 but he concludes by citing some words from a letter of General Wolfe to Major Wolfe, (ii. 285) in order to show 

 that Louisbourg was, after all, but a wretched little fortress (bicoque). Yet this wretchel little place, defended by 

 a relatively small force, resisted for nearly fifty days the greatest fleet and army that England had ever assembled 

 in America. Wolfe'.-s letter was evidently written in bad humour — we all know his ill health made him exceed- 

 ingly irritable — and is not even accurate, for he says Louisbourg has but one casemate on it — a mistake, since 

 there are now visible the crumbling remains of four— certainly small in size, but still four in number. England 

 and France did not consider Louisbourg a wretched little place, judging from the rejoicings on the one side and the 

 dismay on the other. Garneau is obviously glad of an excuse, however weak, to underrate the importance of the 

 cajjture, and exaggerate the strength of the defence. The "Cours d' Histoire du Canada" by the Abbé Ferland, 

 professor of history at the University of Ijaval, (Quebec, 1861, 2 vols., 8vo) has a few references to Cape Breton and 

 Louisbourg; ii. 395-39(3 (foundation of Louisbourg); 475-478 (taking of Louisbourg in 1745); 559-501, (taking of 

 Louisbourg in 1758). 



In " Histoire du Canada," etc., by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg (Paris, 1852), there is a short description 

 of Cape Breton (i. 244) ; an account of its resources (ii. 169) with a special reference to the Abbé Maillard (see infra, 

 XIII.) and his death at Halifax ; the foundation, capture and destruction of Louisbourg (i. 244, 245 ; 274, 277, 278 ; 

 293-295. He also gives a brief account of a visit jiaid to the ruins in 1815 by Mgr. Plessis, bishop of Quebec (ii. 

 136-138). 



" Le Canada sous la Domination Fran(;aise d'après les Archives de la Marine et de la Guerre," by M. Dussieux, 

 Professeur d'Histoire à l'école impériale militaire de St. Cyr, (Paris, 1855 and 1862,) bas short references to Louis- 

 bourg, (pp. 101, 102, 104-106, 190-193), a map "pour servir à l'histoire de la Nouvelle-France, &c.," and among the 

 pièces justificatives (pp. 327-329.) " Représentations faites à M. le Chevalier de Drucour au Conseil de guerre tenu 

 à Louisbourg le 26 Juillet, 1758, par M. Prévost, commissaire-général de la mariue, ordonnateur, à l'Ile Royale.' 



X. Enqlisu Wukks. — Memoiks and Suuhobs of Information Respecping LouiSBouiio and tub Two Sikuus of 1745 



AND 1758. 



Diverse opinions have been expressed with respect to the origin of the expedition of 1745. Brown in his 

 ''History of Capo Breton," p. 191, is of opinion that Mr. Robert Auchmuty, judge of the vice admiralty court of 

 Massachusetts, was " the originator of tlio enterprise," but the editor of the "Nar. and Crit. Hist of Am." (v. 434) 

 throws doubt on his claim of priority by sliowing that he developed his plan in an article on " The Importance of 

 Cape Breton to the British Nation," which was published in the " Gentleman's Magazine " only in July, 1745,— 

 " the same number in which was also printed the news of the attack and capture." Dr. Winsor goes on to say that 

 " when the paper was reprinted in a thin folio tract shortly afterwards, ho, or some one for him, emphasized his 

 claim to the suggestion in the title itself, as follows : — The Importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, 

 humbly represented by Robert Auckmuty [sic], judge, etc., in New England, N. B. Upon the plan laid down in 

 this representation the island was taken by Commodore Warren and General Pepperrell the 14th of June, 1745 " 

 (London, 1745). Though the judge's claim cannot bo substantiated, but is even contra<licted by the date of the 

 publication of his essay, it is not at all unlikely that ho was among those who suggested and supported the enter- 

 prise at a time when Louisbourg was in everybody's mouth. A paper of the title just cited, (" Nar. and Crit. Hist, 

 of Am.," v. 454, n.) as printed in the ' Mass. Hist. Coll.,' v. 202, is dated " From my lodgings in Cecil street, 9 April, 

 1744." A MSS. copy is in the Mass. Hist. Soc. library (Louisbourg Papers). The third ed. of " Curwen's Journal," 

 edited by Ward (1845), contains a sketch of his life. 



The fifth volume of the "Nar and Crit. Hist, of Am." devotes chap, vii to "The Wars on the Seaboard : The 

 Struggle in Acadia and Cape Breton," by Charles C. Smith, of the "Mass. Hist. Soc," with a short critical essay by 



