322 J. G. BOUEINOT 



in the words : " In 1745 an expedition of tlie always brave, and then loyal colonists of England . . . took the 

 stronghold of Louisbourj; in a very gallant manner." 



In Hildreth's " History of the United States " (Now York) throe pages are devotod to the New Ens.dand expe- 

 dition of 1745, and less tlian a page to the siege of 175'S. (See vol. ii. o91-ù97, 4S2.) 



In the " Carter-Brown Catalogue " (iii. 12'J!.») there is mention of a " Letter to a great M r [Pitt,] on the 



prospect of peace, wherein tlie demolition of the fortifications of Louisbourg is shown to be absurd, the importance 

 of Canada fully refuted, the pruper barrier pointed out in North America, etc" (London, 1761). This is one of the 

 numerous essays and pamphlets that appeared between tho fall of Quebec and the Treaty of 17(io, with reference to 

 the respective values of Canada and the West India Islands, and the advisability of retaining such places as 

 Gaudaloupe in preference to the prosent Dominion. (See Bourinot, " Comparative Studies in Canadian Politics," 

 ' Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.,' vol. viii, pp. 3'J-40. ) 



Reference to the importance of the taking of Cape Breton in 1745 and 175S will be found in " A Review of the 

 Reign of George the Second in which a new Light is thrown on the Transactions, and the ellects of Ministerial 

 Influence are traced and laid open " (London, 17G2, pp. 259 j. The review is impartial though justly severe on the 

 men that administered England's affairs until the older Pitt triumphed over tlie King's prejudices and the schemes 

 of his political enemies. Tho name of the author is not given, but he is a fearless and well informed critic. He 

 tolls us what all writers admit— Tory or Whig — that " the restitution of Louisbourg (in 1748) was loudly complained 

 against by almost every individual." The references to Louisbourg are pp. 82, 101, 102, 215, 216. 



In the first volume of the " Canadian Archives " (pp. IS, 46) there is a synopsis of papers in the Public Record 

 Office, London, ("America and West Indies," under subliead of" New England") which relate to the expeditions 

 of 1745 and 1758 against Cape Breton. Among these are letters from Shirley to Newcastle giving accounts of the 

 expedition against Louisbourg and of its surrender in 1745, and giving proposals (in 1740) for the abandonment of 

 the fortress, filling up the harbour, aud the establishment of a fort and town at St. Anne's. In the same docu- 

 ments there is correspondence from Admiral Saunders, General Wolfe, and Governor Whitmore, setting forth the 

 proceedings of the fleet of Louisbourg before the attack on Quebec. The " ISIassachusetts Archives " liave muster- 

 rolls of campaigns of 1758. ''Nar. and Crit. His.," v. 165. 



The original authorities relative to the abortive expedition of Loudon and Holbourne against Louisbourg in 

 the summer of 1757 are given by Parkman, " Montcalm and Wolfe" (i. 472, n.), viz. : Desiiatches of Loudon (August, 

 1757) ; Knox (who was with the expedition), " Historical Journals of the Campaigns of North America" (London, 

 1709, 6-28; "Review of Mr. Pitt's Administration " (London, 1763); "'J'he Conduct of a Noble Commander in 

 America Impartially Reviewed " (Loudon, 1758) ; Beatson, " Naval and Military Memoirs " (ii. 49-59) ; " Answer to 

 the Letter to two Great Men" (London, ii. 1760); Entinck (ii. 168, 169); Holbourne to Loudon (4th Aug., 1757) ; 

 Holbourne to Pitt (29tli Sept., 1757) ; ibid (30th Sept., 1757) ; Holbourne to Pownall (2iid Nov., 1757) ; Mante (86,97) 

 " Relation du Désastre arrivé à la Flotte Anglaise commandée par l'Amiral Holljourne ;" Chevalier Johnstone, 

 "Campaign of Louisbourg;" 'London Magazine ' (1757, p. 514) ; 'Gentleman's Magazine' (1757, pp. 4G3, 476)' 

 1758, pp. 168-173) ; ' Gazette de France ' (021), To these original sources may be added the following brief accounts 

 and references: ''History of Great Britain to the Conclusion of the Peace of Amiens" (London, 1806, ii. 371-372); 

 AValpole, "George II" (ii. 231); Mahon, "History of England" (xiv. 168); Smollett, "History of England" 

 (cxxvii) ; Warlnirton, "Conquest of Canada" (ii. 113-119); llaliburton, "History of Nova Scotia" (i. 200-202); 

 Murdoch, ifrif/ (ii. 328, 329); Garneau, "Histoire du Canada" (ii. 206, 267); Brown, "History of Cape Breton" 

 (285-290) ; Kingsford, " History of Canada " (iv. 31-37) ; Parkman, " Montcalm and Wolfe " (i. 409-472). M. Faucher 

 de St.-Maurice, in "De Tribord à Bâbord " (Montreal, 1877) prints among the " Pièces Justificatives " (pp. 431-434) 

 the semi-oflicial French account of Holbourne's disaster ofl" Louisbourg, Sept. 24, 1757. 



XI. Mai's and Illustrations of Catb Breton and Louisuoukg, Poih'Raits of Wolfb, ktc. 



The most accurate early maps of Cape Bretou and Louisbourg are those by Nicholas Bellin, an able French 

 engineer (author of ''Le Neptune françois" and other cartographical works), under date of 1744. They are reproduced 

 in Charlevoix's " History of New France." The" Nar. and Crit. Hist, of Am." (v. 440) has a copy on a reduceii scale 

 of his Cape Breton map. Richard Gridley, who did such good work at Louisbourg in 1745, has left a plan of the 

 city and fortilications of the fortress, which appears in the " History of the French Dominions in America," by 

 Jefferys, London, 1760, and in his " General Topography of North America and the West Indies," London, 1768, 

 (No. 25). His plan has been largely copied in works relating to Louisbourg, the "Nar. and Crit. Hist, of Am." 

 (y. 443-4) among others. JefTorys, in the first work, has also an elaborate map affording an excellent idea of the 

 siege of 1758, as well as of the natural features of the port and its defences. The "Nar. and Crit. Hist, of Am." 

 (v. 464, 470) reproduces part of Jetferys' map of 1758, as well as Brown's plan of the siege given in his " History of 



