OlSr CAPE BRETON. 333 



8. E. Dawson's 'Handbook of the Dominion' (Montreal, 188S) contains an interesting historical and dc- 

 Bcriptive sketch of the island, pp. 8S-98. 



In 'ïlie Dominion i\lonthly ' (iMontreal, 1809) 1'. ere is an article on the island of Cape Breton, by John George 

 Bourinot. In ' Stewart's Literary Quarterly Magazine ' (St. John, N.B., 1870) there is an article by the same writer 

 on "Tlie Island of Cape Breton : Its History, Scenery and Resources." In ' The Canadian Monthly and National 

 Review' (Toronto, 1874) be has also a paper on "The Old Forls of Acadia," in which a brief description is given of 

 Louisbourg as it appeared in 1870. The same material is used in a paper in the ' Transactions of the Royal 

 Society,' "Some Old Forts by the Sea," vol. i, sec. 2 (1883). The ' Tnansactions of tho Geographical Society of 

 Quebec' (vol. i, No. 2, 1881) contain a paper read before lliat society by the same writer on "Cape Breton, the 

 Long Wharf of the Dominion," xiii, pp. 800. These several papers do not pretend to any special original research, 

 but are only intended to give a present view of an island so interesting for its past history and natural beauty. In 

 ' The Magazine of American History ' for i\larch, 1891, there is a paper by the same writer on " Once Famous 

 Loui.sbourg." See also Belfast (Maine) ' Republican Journal,' Jan. 14, 1892, for article on " Louisbourg, 1891." 



Tho geology of the island of Capo Breton has been investigated by eminent men like Sir W. Dawson and Mr. 

 Richard Brown before the confederation of the provinces, and by Sir. Hugh Fletcher, Mr. Robb and other mem- 

 bers of the able stafl'of the Geological Survey of Canada since 18(37. !\lach information on the coal-lields of the 

 island, in a popular and practical form, is contained in "Coal-tields of Cape Breton," by R. Brown (the historian of 

 the island, London, 1871) ; "Coal-flelds of Nova Scotia," by J. Rutherford (Newcastle-npon-Tyne, 1871) ; " Acadian 

 C-ieology," by Dr. (now Sir W.) Dawson (London, 1SG8, and subsequent editions) ; " Mineralogy of Nova Scotia," by 

 Professor How (Halifax, 18G9). Elaborate reports on the coal and mineral deposits of the island will be found in 

 the ' Reports of I'rogress' annually issued by the Geological Survey of Canada; see volumes for 1872-3, 1873-4, 

 1874-5,187.5-0,1877-8, 1878-9, 1879-80, 18S0-1-2 ; 1882-3-4 (especially valuable since it shows tho great number of 

 economic values in the island), 1887-8 (coal statistics of Cape Breton during 1SS7, Tart II, Rep. S., 15, IG), 1888-89 

 (coal statistics of Cape Breton, Rep. S., lG-19). Not the least valualde portions of these reports are the chemical 

 contributions by IMr. G. C Hofl'mann, chemist and mineralogist to the survey, on the work done in the laboratory, 

 with the oViject of showing the economic value of the various specimens of minerals brought from the island. 

 Statistics of the production, value of exports and imports of minerals in Cape Breton, as well as in other parts of 

 Canada, are given annually in the reports of the survey. Geological maps accompany the reports whenever neces- 

 sary to illustrate tlie subject. The annual reports of tho department of mines of Nova Scotia contain complete 

 accounts of the condition of the collieries of Cape Breton, with statistics of their output and sales. In addition to 

 these reports, the reader niaj' consult with advantage "Coal-mining in Nova Scotia" (Montreal, 1888), by Mr. E. 

 Ciilpin, F. R. S. C, M. Can. Soc. C. E , inspector of Nova Scotia mines, in which appear some interesting historical 

 details. Another p.aper on the " Geology of Cape Breton " appears in the ' Quarterly Journal ' of the (reological 

 Society of London for Novemher, 1S8G. See also, by the same, a paper on 'Manganese Ores of Nova Scotia" 

 ('Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.' 1884, sec. 4), and a series of papers on the " Carboniferous of Cape Breton" ('Trans. 

 N. S. Inst, of Nat. Sci.,' 1S8G, 1887, 1888), and on the " Minerals of flie Carboniferous'' (Jan. 14, 1889), and on the 

 " Devonian of Cape Breton" (ih., April 14, 1890). 



XVI. Treaties and Proclamations Relating to Gate Breton. 



A. Extracts fro7n the Trcaltj of UtncJU, 1713. 



The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the Most Serene and Most Potent Princess Anne, by the Grace of 

 God, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince Lewis the 

 XlVth, the IMost Serene and Most Potent Christian King, concluded at Utrecht the 31st day of March 

 ['ilth April, new style], 1713. 



XII. The Most Cliristian King shall take care to have delivered to the Queen of Cireat Britain, on !he same 

 day that the ratilication of this treaty sluvll be exchanged, solemn and autlientic letters or instruments, by virtue 

 of which it shall appear that the island of St. Christopher's is to be pdsscs.sed alouo hereafter by Britisli subjects, 

 likewise all Nova Siotia or Ac.idio. with its ancient boundaries, as also the city of Port Royal, now called .\nnapolis 

 Uoyal, and all oilier things in those !>arls which deiiond un the said lands and islani!s, together with tho dominion 

 property and possession of the said islands, lands and places, and all right whatsoever, by treaties or by any other 

 way obtained, which the Most Christian King, tho Crown of France, or any of the subjects thereof, have hiiherto 

 had to the said islands, lands and places, and the inhaljitants of the same, are yielded and made over to the Queen 

 of Great Britain, and to her Crown, for ever, as tlie Most Christian King doth at present yield and make over all 

 the jiarticulars above said ; and that in such ample manner and form that the sid>jects of the Most Christian Kinc 

 shall hereafter be excluded from all kind of fishing in the said seas, bays and other places on the coasts of Nova 

 Scotia; that is to say, on tho.se which lie towards the east within 30 leagues, lieginning from the island commonly 

 called Sable, inclusively, and thence stretching along towards the southwest. 



