PAET OF THE PEOVINCE OP QUEBEC. 123 



crumplings which affect this area. There may, however, have been crumplings of strata 

 previous to this, and probably were iu connectiou with the outflow of the sheared 

 dioritic "-reeu schists alou"- the tlauks of the Sutton mountain anticlinal. 



Two principal lines of faulting are visible east of Montreal, one of which is that just 

 described, and which is certainly the most important, but from this a second or branch 

 fault about twelve miles oast of Three Rivers, extends south-west, approximately 

 parallel to the main fault, but a few miles to the west of it. By this the Hudson River 

 and Loraine shales are brought into contact with the Chazy-Trenton, as seen at St. 

 Dominique and Stanbridge, as well as in the St. Francis river and other places. From the 

 separation from the main fault at the point indicated, this second fault can be easily 

 recognized. Certain other minor lines of fractvire also occur, and it is very probably that 

 the series of eruptive masses between the St. Lawrence and Memphremagog lake have 

 come to the surface along well defined breaks in the crust of the earth. Thus a very im- 

 portant line of fracture by which the Chazy is brought against the Cambrian extends from 

 a point two miles west of Frelighsburg to the line of the Grand Trunk, in which the 

 great masses of the ShefTord, Gale and Brome mountains are situated. To the east of the 

 Sutton mountain range also, a very heavy line of fault can be traced from Danville and 

 Melboui-ne to the Vermont boundary in Potton, which separates the Cambrian from the 

 Chazy-Trenton, and along which the great eruptive masses to the west of Lake Memphre- 

 magog have reached the surface. 



The great system of crumpling just described as effecting the Sutton mountain area 

 and the country for some miles on cither side, extended to the boundary of Maine, in 

 which distance two other axes of crystalline schists overlaid by Cambrian rocks are 

 brought to view. Of these one is that observed at Sherbrooke, and easily traceable for 

 fifty miles in either direction to the north and south-west ; the other is near the eastern 

 boundary of the province. The country rock of the intervening synclinal has also 

 experienced a great series of overturnings, the prevailing dips in this part of the section 

 being to the north-west, and certain beds are many times repeated. The detailed descrip- 

 tion of these rocks will be foxiud in the ' Geological Report for 1886,' pp. 21 and 22 J. 

 The impossibility of drawing any hard and fast line between the Cambro-Silurian and 

 the Cambrian in this direction is recognized in the almost entire absence of fossils, except 

 in the upper portion of the former. The Levis and Sillery formations are not there, in so 

 far as known, anywhere developed. The paper of Prof. Lapworth on " The Graptolites 

 of the Lower Palseozic Rocks of Quebec," published in the ' Transactions of the Royal 

 Society of Canada,' 1886, has been the subject of considerable discussion as regards the 

 determination of horizons in this great series of strata. It must, however, be remembered 

 that, at the date of Prof Lapworth's writing, the facts of stratigraphy which we now pos- 

 sess were not available, nor was the separation of the fossiliferous Levis from the Lauzon 

 and Sillery attempted, or at least it was not carried out to any very great extent. In the 

 publications of the survey, following the determinations of Hall and Logan, the Levis, 

 Sillery and Lauzon were apparently displayed at many points along the shore of the St. 

 Lawrence, and it was hard to say what should, with accuracy, be styled Levis as distinct 

 from the other two divisions. A certain amount of confusion arose also from inaccurate 

 labelling of the fossils, and fossils from certain areas obtained from strata closely 

 infolded stratigraphically, but widely separated iu point of time, were sometimes regarded 



