140 ACQUIRED CHARACTERS sec. 



there and in Corsica, is nothing else than a smaller swallow- 

 tail with much darker wings and without tails. 



In all these cases and in numberless others, in addition 

 to, and together with the difference in size, other peculiar 

 characters are present, so that new species are established. 



Wallace mentions in a chapter in his Contributions to 

 Natural Selection entitled, " Variation specially influenced by 

 Locality," other such cases, and among them also the striking 

 instance of Java and Celebes to which I have referred. He 

 remarks that almost the only case previously known of the 

 direct influence of locality is recorded by Darwin in the Origin 

 of Species, namely, that herbaceous groups of plants show a 

 tendency on islands to become arborescent, while in the animal 

 world no such facts are known. Then he continues : " In 

 considering the nearly allied species, local forms, and varieties 

 which occur in the Indian and Malayan regions, I find that 

 larger or smaller districts or even single islands impress a 

 special character on the majority of their Papilionida3. Thus 

 (1) the species of the Indian region (Java, Sumatra, and 

 Borneo) are almost invariably smaller than the allied species 

 which inhabit Celebes and the Moluccas ; (2) the species of 

 Xew Guinea and Australia are likewise, althouoii to a less 

 degree, smaller than the nearest species or varieties of the 

 Moluccas ; (3) in the Moluccas the species of Amboina are 

 the largest ; (4) the species of Celebes equal or even surpass 

 those of Amboina in size ; (5) the species and varieties of 

 Celebes possess a striking peculiarity in the form of the 

 anterior wings, which is different from that in the allied 

 species and varieties of all the surrounding islands ; (6) tailed 

 species of India or of the Indian region become tailless as 

 they extend eastwards through the Archipelago ; (7) in 

 Amboina and Ceram the females of several species are darker 

 coloured, while in the neighbouring islands they are more 

 brilliant." 



