278 MENTAL FACULTIES sec. 



suddenly attacked by them, apparently with a common 

 purpose, and been very severely injured by them. 



As reason in general cannot have arisen suddenly from 

 particular causes, or in particular cases, but must rather have 

 been gradually evolved under the influence of external 

 conditions, so in bees the evolution of the existing reasoning 

 instinct of collecting must have taken place quite gradually, 

 and must have arisen at first from simple intelligent actions 

 adapted to immediate needs. I do not intend to pursue this 

 question in further detail, but will only point out, that the 

 production of sexually imperfect workers in itself is a highly 

 remarkable instance of conscious consideration by the in- 

 dividual of the advantage of the community. For the only 

 possible explanation of the origin of the workers is that the 

 original bee or humble-bee could not feed all her larvae suffi- 

 ciently, and that she obtained an advantage in her house- 

 keeping by the workers thus produced. The insect must 

 have recognised this advantage, and afterwards, accordingly, 

 reared similar workers intentionally by insufficient feeding. 

 Another explanation which might be given is, that certain 

 individuals began to sacrifice themselves to the requirements 

 of the community by neglecting to feed themselves to such 

 an extent that their sexual organs no longer attained their 

 full development. 



Further Eemarks on Keasoning Instincts and 

 Intelligent Instincts in Animals 



It is self-evident that all cases in which animals display 

 forethought for the winter by storing provisions, or providing 

 themselves with winter quarters in which to protect them- 

 selves, must be described as cases of reasoning instinct, as 

 also the cases in which individual animals provide nourish- 

 ment for the use of their offspring at a later time. 



One of the most remarkable instincts of this kind is 



