154 CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS 



The carbohydrate reserves in Paraniec'iuni ( Rammelmeyer, 1925) and 

 in the cysts of Burs aria (Poljansky, 1934) are probably dissolved in the 

 protoplasm, since they are visible in fixed specimens only as cloudy 

 masses, not in regular granules. Homogeneous vacuoles, granules, or 

 platelets visible in the living normal Protozoa are very common. They 

 are well known in lodamoeha and other intestinal amoebae. Large num- 

 bers of these granules are found in the flagellates from termites and 

 wood-eating roaches (Cutler, 1921; Kirby, 1932; Cleveland, 1934; 

 Yamasaki, 1937a). The carbohydrate granules of Stentor tend to be 

 localized in a peripheral sheath of the endoplasm (Zhinkin, 1930) and 

 just beneath the pellicle. In Arcella these granules are embedded in the 

 chromidial net. In Ichthyophthirius these smaller granules are always 

 associated with mitochondria (MacLennan, 1936). Glycogen granules 

 are often associated with the parabasal bodies in flagellates (Duboscq 

 and Grasse, 1933). 



Carbohydrate granules with definite internal structure are by no means 

 uncommon. The granules of Sporozoa (Fig. 60) have a cross or star- 

 shaped center (Joyet-Lavergne, 1926a; Daniels, 1938), the general ap- 

 pearance of which and ability to accumulate iodine suggest vacuoles. 

 Identification of a lipoid center (Erdmann, 1917) is based on insufiicient 

 evidence and, in view of the later work quoted above, seems unlikely. 

 Vacuolated bodies are also found in Balantidium (Fig. 57) with the 

 added feature of crystals floating in some of the vacuoles (Jirovec, 

 1926) . Two types of granules are found in Dif^ugia, small homogeneous 

 spherules and larger elliptical bodies with a center granule which stains 

 a pale blue after hematoxylin and a rim which is rose-colored after Best's 

 stain (Rumjantzew, 1922). 



In the Ophryoscolecidae, the granules possess a spherical center (Fig. 

 56) denser than the rest of the granule (MacLennan, 1934). The most 

 spectacular of the carbohydrate reserves are the skeletal plates of the 

 Cycloposthiidae, Ophryoscolecidae, and related families. The plates 

 themselves are probably supporting structures, but in their meshes are 

 platelets of the same type as the scattered cytoplasmic granules. The plate- 

 lets in the Cycloposthiidae (Fig. 61) are roughly spool-shaped with slen- 

 der strands connecting the flanges of adjacent granules (Strelkow, 

 1931), but in the Ophryoscolecidae (Fig. 62) the polygonal plates are 

 unconnected (MacLennan, 1934). 



