194 CILIATE FIBRILLAR SYSTEMS 



lygonal pattern observable in the living organism. For fixation, he used 

 Apathy's sublimate-osmium and stained with toluidin blue. 



In the following year Klein (1926a) reported the results of his 

 studies on a peripheral fibrillar complex in certain ciliates by means 

 of a new silver-nitrate technique which involved no previous fixation. 

 The method, thus employed, is now well known as the "dry method," 

 in contrast to von Gelei's (1932a) "wet method," and the resulting 

 silver-impregnated fibrillar complex is quite commonly referred to as the 

 "silverline system." 



The several subsequent publications of these two authors on the fibril- 

 lar system of Paramecium, using especially the silver-nitrate technique 

 but also other methods, admit of useful comparisons for this brief re- 

 view, so that their results will now be considered together. 



In most of these various articles, the author's account of the structures 

 that were clearly observed is at times so involved with his avowed inter- 

 pretations of their functions that it has been found difficult to sift out 

 the essential data for which this review is intended. 



Their structural analyses of the fibrillar system of Paramecium have, 

 nevertheless, several important points in common which may now be 

 fairly, and as simply as possible, presented. On the basis of these com- 

 mon points, certain discrepancies will then be indicated. 



To this end, it will be convenient to recall the findings of Schuberg 

 (1905). He observed (1) a differentially stainable pellicular pattern, 

 which was hexagonal over the body and rhomboidal on each side of 

 the mouth, and below this {2') a longitudinal fibril connecting (3) the 

 basal granules in each row of cilia — each such granule appearing below 

 the center of each pellicular polygon (Fig. 71 ) . 



In outline, the descriptions of both von Gelei and Klein present this 

 same general picture, which may now serve to simplify a brief com- 

 parison of their essential findings. In their later papers, both of these 

 authors agree that the fibrillar system of Paramecium is entirely subpel- 

 licular. Bearing this in mind, we may note that: 



1. Schuberg's pellicular pattern corresponds in general outline to 

 von Gelei's "Stiitzgitter System" and to Klein's "Indirekt verbindung 

 System" ("Meridiaan II. Ordnung"). 



2. Both the Stiitzgitter System and the Indirekt verbindung System, 

 lying under the pellicle, comprise each: ( 1 ) a longitudinal fibril, between 



