898 PROTOZOA AND OTHER ANIMALS 



(1930), Lwoff (1932), and others should except it from the Hst of acci- 

 dental parasites. The ciliates found by MacArthur (1922) in larvae of 

 Theobaldia annulata and studied also by Wenyon (1926) showed but 

 little difference in habit or appearance from Lambornella; and, con- 

 sidering the inadequacy of Keilin's material, may well have been the 

 same. Wenyon concluded they were Glaucoma pyriformis. 



Next came the report by Treillard and Lwoff (1924) of the finding 

 of ciliates corresponding to G. pyrijorfnis in larvae of Chironomus 

 plumosus bought at a market and probably obtained in the vicinity of 

 Paris. Of 300 larvae, 13 were parasitized. The ciliates multipled ac- 

 tively, causing death of the host in about eight days. In the cytoplasm 

 were granules of yellow pigment, probably derived from hemoglobin. 

 In 5 of the hosts conjugation was in progress, with all ciliates in any 

 one larva at about the same stage. 



From another chironomid, CuUcoides peregrinus in India, Ghosh 

 (1925) reported Balantidium knoivles'ti. The ciliates were numerous in 

 the "coelomic cavity"; there is no statement as to whether the host was 

 a larva or adult, or how many hosts there were. Though Grasse and 

 Boissezon (1929) proposed the new genus Leptoglena for this very 

 inadequately described ciliate, and it seemed to Lwoff (1932) and 

 Codreanu (1930) to be a Glaucoma, it is impossible to recognize it 

 from the description as any one of a considerable number of ciliates. 

 No doubt it belongs in the list of accidental or facultative parasites. 



The same is true of Turchiniella culicis, a new genus and species, 

 described, from sections only, by Grasse and Boissezon (1929). The 

 ciliates occurred in the hemocoele of an adult female Culex. Boissezon 

 (1930) suggested that adults may die on the surface of the water and 

 the ciliates may escape and infect larvae; in the original paper it was 

 considered that the parasites lived in larvae, and occurrence in the adult 

 was an impasse. It must, in fact, be rare in adults if the ciliates are as 

 pathogenic as G. pyrijormis in other hosts is known to be, for an in- 

 fected larva would then seldom transform into an adult. Codreanu 

 (1930) and Lwoff (1932) considered this ciliate to be Glaucoma. 



Glaucoma or Glaucoma-X'^^t ciliates have been found also in other 

 endozoic habitats than the hemocoele of aquatic larvae of Nemocera. 

 G. parasitkum was observed by Penard (1922) in the gills of Ga^n- 

 marus pulex, not only on the surface but also in the interior, where it 



