PROTOZOA AND OTHER ANIMALS 923 



Another problem that calls for further investigation is the type of 

 faunule in the same host species in different localities, data on which 

 are meager. Strongylocentrotus jranciscanus in California harbors 

 Lechriopyla mystax, as well as ciliates of four other genera (Lynch, 1929, 

 1930); from S. jranciscanus at Yaku Island, Japan, Yagiu (1935) re- 

 ported only Conchophthhus stnatus; and 5". jranciscanus examined by 

 Powers (1936, 1937) at Acapulco, Mexico, was found to harbor "en- 

 tirely different ciliates" from those on the coast of California. As regards 

 similarity of faunules, there is the presence of Entodiscus borealis and 

 MaJsenia indoniita in Strongylocentrotus drohachiensis from both Swe- 

 den and the Bay of Fundy. 



PROTOZOA OF TERMITES AND THE ROACH CryptOCercus 



Flagellates have undergone no more spectacular development than is 

 exemplified in the faunules now existing in certain termites and in 

 Cryptocercus. Elsewhere in that class of Protozoa, in fact, there is noth- 

 ing that is comparable to it. Many groups of the Polymastigida and all 

 but two species of the Hypermastigida have been found only in those 

 insects. There are also a few Protozoa of more ordinary types. Such are 

 among flagellates Trichomonas and related forms, Retortamonas, Mono- 

 cercomonas, Monocercomonoides , Hexamita, and Chilomastix; flagel- 

 lates of these types occur only rather sparingly in higher termites and, 

 except for Trichomonas, in most roaches. There are also Nyctotherus, 

 Balantidium, amoebae, gregarines, and coccidia. But, in insects ancestral 

 to modern termites and roaches, flagellates originating in the Monocer- 

 comonas, Monocercomonoides , and Trichotnonas type have undergone 

 a remarkable evolution, giving us the main polymastigote components 

 of the faunules that today exist in lower termites and Cryptocercus. Hy- 

 permastigotes doubtless developed from polymastigotes, but their origin 

 has not been traced. 



A table of the classification of termites, giving the approximate num- 

 ber of species and the number examined, is given by Kirby (1937). 

 About a quarter of the 1,600 termites are in the four lower families: 

 Mastotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, and Rhinotermitidae; 

 three-quarters are in Termitidae. Flagellate infections in Termitidae are 

 sparse, and the species are small and of common types. In certain Ter- 

 mitidae, faunules have developed consisting mainly of amoebae, which 



