926 PROTOZOA AND OTHER ANIMALS 



Trichomonas, as is not unexpected, is one of the most widely dis- 

 tributed forms, occurring in termites of all families, including Ter- 

 mitidae. Trichonympha, although absent from Mastotermes and 

 Termitidae, not only has a wide distribution among other termites but 

 occurs also in Cryptocercus punctidatus. The genus has been found rep- 

 resented in forty-five termites of ten genera or subgenera in three fam- 

 ilies; and among those that have been studied for detailed characteristics 

 fourteen species have been distinguished. Various Holomastigotidae in 

 termites are related to hypermastigotes of this family in Cryptocercus, 

 although no genus is the same. Several genera are distributed widely in 

 termites, the situation being comparable to that of Trichonympha. 



In the distribution of the polymastigote family Pyrsonymphidae, there 

 is a high degree of correlation with the systematic relationships of the 

 hosts. Cleveland et al. (1934) extended this family (as Dinenymphidae) 

 to include other forms than Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha, on the 

 basis of the type of division figure and structural similarities. There are 

 three subfamilies: Saccinobaculinae, in which the flagella are free and 

 there is no attachment organelle; Oxymonadinae, in which the flagella 

 are free and there is an attachment organelle, the rostellum, developed 

 to a high degree; and the Pyrsonymphinae, in which there is a slightly 

 developed attachment organelle and the flagella are adherent to the sur- 

 face of the body for most of its length. Saccinobaculinae have been found 

 only in Cryptocerciis punctulatus; Oxymonadinae are known only from 

 Kalotermes sensu lato, in which group they occur in most species; 

 Pyrsonymphinae seem to be restricted to the genus Reticulitermes. It 

 seems possible that evolutionary development of the groups has taken 

 place within the confines of the host groups concerned; although it is 

 unsafe to state that the distribution of the flagellates may not be wider 

 than we now know it to be. 



The polymastigote subfamily Devescovininae, of which yionocer- 

 comonas {Eutricho??iastix) appears to be an ancestral type, is represented 

 in all but five or six of ninety-seven species of Kaloter?nes sensu lato that 

 have been examined. There has been a most elaborate evolutionary de- 

 velopment in the group; but devescovinids also occur in Mastotermitidae 

 and Hodotermitidae. They appear to be absent, however, from Rhino- 

 termitidae and Termitidae. 



The polymastigote family Calonymphidae is of particular interest to 



