952 PROTOZOA AND OTHER ANIMALS 



Astomatous ciliates that occur in other hosts than anneUds, except the 

 Haptophryidae and Chromidinidae, were placed by Cheissin (1930) in 

 the family Anoplophryidae. Heidenreich (1935) separated many of 

 these from that family, without giving them other systematic assignment. 

 So separated by him were the species of the genus Collinia Cepede, which 

 occur in the hemocoele of amphipods and isopods. According to Cheis- 

 sin (1930) and Summers and Kidder (1936), CoHin'm is a synonym of 

 Anoplophrya; so that members of that genus occupy very diverse situa- 

 tions. There are several species of the ciliates which are evidently not 

 uncommon in asellids and gammarids. Summers and Kidder believed 

 that there is a relatively strong host-specificity. 



When Balbiani (1885) described Anoplophrya drculans (Fig. 203), 

 he stated that it was the first example of a ciliate living in the blood 

 of its host [Asellus aquatkus) and circulating with the corpuscles. When 

 the ciliates become too crowded to pass through orifices they consti- 

 tute an obstruction that impedes the circulation. Here and there they 

 pass out through orifices perforating the walls of the arteries, and return 

 with the current to the heart. Only a few continue to the ends of the 

 arteries. As the oxygen is used up in a dead isopod, the ciliates slow 

 down and die; and they ordinarily perish quickly in fresh water. Some, 

 however, survive and encyst on plants or on the legs and antennae of 

 Aseilus, later escaping from the cyst and becoming active for a time in 

 the water. 



The species of Dog/elella are tissue parasites which occur in the pa- 

 renchyma of the mollusc Sphaeriinn corneum and the rhabdocoeles 

 Stenostomum leucops and Castrada sp. in Russia (Poljanskij, 1925). 

 Poljanskij did not refer to Fuhrmann's statement (1894, p. 223) that 

 numerous holotrichs occurred in the parenchyma of two individuals of 

 S. leucops near Basel; but he believed that "Holophrya Virginia" de- 

 scribed by Kepner and Carroll (1923) from the same rhabdocoele in 

 Virginia is Dogielella. The ciliates seem to have no unfavorable effect 

 upon Sphaerium corneum, even in a moderately heavy infection, but with 

 excessive multiplication the host-parasite balance is disturbed and the 

 molluscs perish from mechanical injury. Rarely, the ciliates may infect 

 the developing embryos in the brood chamber. The forms in rhabdo- 

 coeles are apparently harmless to the host. ^ 



Cepedella hepatica occurs in the hepatic caecum of Sphaerium corneum 



