PROTOZOA AND OTHER ANIMALS 987 



These experiments demonstrate conclusively that, at least in a period 

 of a year or so, the host suffers no apparent detriment from lack of 

 ciliates. The Protozoa perform no necessary role in nutrition, nor are 

 their services necessary to aid the host mechanically or in keeping down 

 the bacterial flora. When present, they may be a source of certain 

 incidental benefits, but apparently the relationship can still best be de- 

 fined in the words of Doflein (1916). He regarded it as ordinary 

 commensalism, any value that the ciliates might have to the host being 

 minimal and incidental. 



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