PARASITES OF PROTOZOA 1019 



acid fuchsin removed the attached spirochetes, and examination by the 

 dark-field method showed that the tertiary flagella described by Light 

 (1926) were absent, proving that they also were spirochetes. The 

 spirochetes of Pseudodevescovma of Neotermes msularis were not re- 

 moved by this method, however, showing that it cannot be depended 

 upon as always effective. 



Rods of types other than the longitudinally adherent bacteria are 

 less frequent than spirochetes. They occur occasionally on devescovinids, 

 adherent by one end; have been found abundant on Proboscidiella kofoidi 

 (Kirby, 1928), ]oenia annectens (Franca, 1918), Oxymonas dimorpha 

 (Connell, 1930), and Microrhopalodma enjiata (Duboscq and Grasse, 

 1934). Occasionally there are also long filamentous organisms, which 

 occur, for example, among the spirochetes on Metadevescovina debilis. 



Microorganisms adherent by one end to flagellates of termites some- 

 times seem to be actually embedded in the ectoplasm, or to be associated 

 with cytoplasmic differentiations. This was described by the writer 

 (1936) in Pseudodevescovina uniflagellata, and it was noted that the 

 apparent embedded part may stain more deeply than the rest and appear 

 thicker (Fig. 212C). In P. ramosa (Kirby, 1938a) and P. punctata 

 (Grasse, 1938) , there are bacteria in the ectoplasm not directly associated 

 with the spirochetes, but in P. uniflagellata the apparent granules are 

 not of the same nature. Grasse (1938) made similar observations on 

 adherent spirochetes of Caduceia theohvomae, and interpreted the thick- 

 ening not as part of the spirochete but as a modification of the cytoplasm 

 in reaction to the microorganism. Rounded corpuscles associated with 

 the point of attachment of spirochetes on Parajoenia grass// were de- 

 scribed by Janicki (1915) and by Kirby (1937). These bodies seem to 

 be cytoplasmic structures, neither part of the spirochetes nor parasites. 

 A notable instance of a cytoplasmic differentiation, associated with the 

 point of adherence of a microorganism, was seen by the writer in a 

 species of Macrotrichomonas in Procrytotermes sp. from Madagascar. 

 Rods 2.5-7 \x X V^'Vl M adhere in large numbers to the posterior part 

 of the body of almost all specimens. Where each of the rods meets the 

 body is a deep-staining, cup-shaped structure (Fig. 21 2D, E). Rods 

 frequently become detached from these cytoplasmic structures, not 

 being so firmly adherent as are spirochetes. 



It has been observed in several devescovinid flagellates with complete 



