PARASITES OF PROTOZOA 1021 



chetes were removed, no apparent detrimental effect on the Protozoa 

 developed within three months. Sutherland (1933) found that Stephano- 

 nympha died after detachment of the spirochetes, while Spirotrichonym- 

 p hell a showed no impairment; but other factors may have been respon- 

 sible for the death of the polymastigote. The writer found a marked 

 reduction in size of Metadevescov'ina, debilis after spirochete detachment, 

 but the relationship was not proved. Grasse (1938) concluded that the 

 relationship with the host is at least not simple phoresy. He discussed 

 the possibility that diffusing substances attract and nourish the spiro- 

 chetes, and that localization in certain regions may be related to certain 

 areas of greatest diffusion, or to the chief phagocytic and absorptive areas. 



Schizomycetes on Sarcodina. — Lauterborn (1916) found Amoeba 

 chlorochlajnys, a sapropelic Umax type of rhizopod, to be characterized 

 by a yellow-green mantle of close-set, radially adherent chlorobacteria. 

 These bacteria, which he named ChloYohacter'ium symhioticum, were 

 rods about 2 p long. When the amoeba was inactive, the mantle com- 

 pletely surrounded it; in activity it opened more or less before advanc- 

 ing pseudopodia. As stated above, Lauterborn found the same micro- 

 organism on a colorless, sapropelic flagellate. 



It is probable that a similar mantle of bacteria is present on Di- 

 namoeba jnirabilis. Leidy (1879) described the surface of the body as 

 "bristling with minute spicules or motionless cils." In the majority of 

 specimens he found a thick investment of hyaline jelly, at the surface 

 of which were abundant, minute, perpendicular rods, termed by Leidy 

 "bacteria-like cils." The rods covering the body surface were some- 

 times absent; and Leidy recorded instances of their disappearance from 

 individuals that possessed them when first observed. 



Schizomycetes on Ciliophora. — Certain schizomycetes occur in speci- 

 fically phoretic relationship to a number of ciliates and suctorians. The 

 instance earliest known was the adherence of spirochetes to Trichodi- 

 nopsis paradoxa, a peritrich in the intestine of Cy do stoma elegans (Fig. 

 212A). Earlier authors described this as possessing, unlike other peri- 

 trichs, a general investment of vibratile cilia (Issel, 1906). Issel found 

 basal granules for the supposed cilia; according to Pellissier (1936), 

 these are mitochondria disposed under the pellicle. Observations on 

 micro5rganisms adherent to Devescovininae (p. 1013) suggest another 

 explanation. Faure-Fremiet (1909) noted that the filaments have an 



