1068 PARASITES OF PROTOZOA 



One of the tubes terminated in a large, spherical sporangium. Leger and 

 Duboscq (1909c) reported parasitic fungi which developed a mycelium 

 in cysts of the gregarine Nina gracilis. 



Galleries excavated in the non-protoplasmic parts of calcareous tests 

 of Foraminifera are the work of an organism behaving somewhat in 

 the manner of the mycelium of certain fungi, according to Douville 

 (1930). The relationship of this organism to calcareous shells suggests 

 the habitat of Didymella conchae, an ascomycete which Bonar (1936) 

 described from the shells of marine gasteropods and barnacles. 



Protozoa 

 phytomastigophora 



An unusual phoretic relationship described by Penard (1904) existed 

 between a heliozoan and an undetermined species of Chlamydomonas. 

 He found this organism fixed to the surface of Actinosphaerium eich- 

 hornii by its two flagella, which were applied by their full length. Often 

 it was so abundant that the surface of the host was spotted with close-set 

 organisms, and the heliozoan appeared covered with a green envelope. 

 When the chlamydomonads were scattered mechanically, they later re- 

 assembled at the surface of Actinosphaerium. Sokoloff (1933) found 

 a euglenid flagellate, named Euglena parasitica, adherent in abundance 

 to the surface of Volvox coenobia in a tank. There was a conical pro- 

 longation anteriorly by which this adherence was effected; no flagella 

 were mentioned or figured. Sokoloff did not observe the flagellate in 

 the free state. 



Endozoic, colorless flagellates that probably belong to the genus 

 Khawkinea have often been found, especially in Turbellaria, but also in 

 rotifers, Gastrotricha, fresh- water nematodes, fresh-water oligochaetes, 

 nudibranch eggs, and copepods. In different hosts they occur in the 

 alimentary canal, in tissues, or in the coelom. Howland (1928) identi- 

 fied as Astasia captiva, which Beauchamp had described from a rhabdo- 

 coele (p. 905), an actively metabolic euglenoid flagellate, without 

 flagellum or stigma, found in the cortical ectoplasm of Stentor coeruleus 

 and Spirostomum amhiguum. Jahn and McKibben (1927) assigned this 

 species to their new genus Khawkinea (see p. 907). 



Parasitic dinoflagellates occur in Tintinnoinea, in Radiolaria, and in 

 other dinoflagellates. In the first two groups, as in so many Protozoa, 



