12 
Similar provisions, by statutory 
enactments of dominion parliament. 
No such provision in the consti- 
tution, but appeals in civil—though 
are allowed 

not in criminal—cases 
by virtue of the exercise of the royal 
prerogative, from provincial courts 
as well as from the supreme court 
of Canada to the queen-in-council ; 
i.e., to the judicial committee of the 
privy council, in practice. 
Not in the constitution, but a 
constitutional right of Canada as a 
dependency of the empire. 
Judges of the superior and county 
courts in the provinces (except those 
of probate in New Brunswick. Nova 
Scotia and Prince Edward Island) 
appointed by the governor-general- 
in-council, and removable only by 
the same on the address of the two 
houses of parliament. Their salaries 
and allowances are fixed by the par- 
liament of Canada. 
The provinces have jurisdiction 
over the administration of justice in 
a province, including the constitu- 
tion, maintenance and organization 
of provincial courts, both of civil 
and criminal jurisdiction, and in- 
cluding the procedure in civil mat- 
ters in those courts. 
The enactment and amendment 
of the criminal law rests with the 
dominion parliament. 
ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
These courts can adjudicate in 
cases arising out of the constitution, 
. or controversies between states. or 
in which the commonwealth is a 
party. 
Appeals heretofore allowed from 
the highest court of final resort of 
any state to the queen-in-council to 
be hereafter heard and determined 
by the supreme court of Australia, 
and its judgment to be final and con- 
clusive. 
An appeal to the queen-in-council 
allowable in any case in which the 
public interests of the common- 
wealth, or of any state, or of any 
other part of the queen’s dominions 
are concerned. 
Judges in the states, appointed 
and removable under existing state 
constitutions which the state parlia- 
ments can change at will. 
Similar powers in the states. 
With the states. 
