50 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
interpreter, had now rejoined us, and we all left the Council House in a 
body, and, crossing a little valley on the north side, came, in something 
less than a quarter of a mile, to an open space or nook in a belt of wood- 
land which was deemed appropriate for the ceremony. There two young 
men were already busy in kindling a small fire of chips and branches, 
Near this ancient symbol of welcome—at which, it was understood, the 
calumet of friendship was to be lighted—we disposed ourselves on the 
grass or on fallen tree-trunks, and awaited the coming of our guests. I 
took the opportunity of making a list of the chiefs of the elder nations 
who were present at the ceremony. They were: 
Hie CHIEFS. 
Onondagas. 
English names. Native names. Meaning. 
John Buck............… Skanawati .......-..... Beyond the river. 
John Gibson". ATOLATNO: << sce swiss sneine Entangled. 
William Buck ...... 2. LohatkantiOMS sess se Looking both ways. 
Johnson Williams ...... Tehayatkwarayen....Red wings. 
William Echo............ Habnrone ei Scattered. 
Elijah Johnson .......... Ronyenyennih ......... (Meaning unknown.) 
Peter Key ..…............…. Enneseraron ............(Meaning unknown.) 
Mohawks. 
JohnoPraserti 2. Ahstawenserontha ....Putting on rattles. 
Peter Powless ..........satekariwate..........- Two things equal. 
Senecas. 
David Kanokarith):22%.-¢.<ce5 Threatened. 
John Gibson, Jr......... Kanyadariyo .......... Beautiful lake. 
ASSISTANT CHIEFS. 
Alex. Ge Smith).2.22-..-: Dakanenraneh ........ Double row of people. 
David: JOHN 2.5... Wahojikwayoha....... He could not find a war-club. 
Nicholas John .......... Kanekenthwat ........ (Name of venomous insect.) 
It thus appears that the conservative Onondagas chiefly conduct 
these ceremonies—which are supposed to have a flavour of paganism 
about them,—and that few but the high chiefs, rotiyaner, take an active 
part in them. 
Mr. Smith says that, as a general rule, each high chief has his assist- 
ant chief (or war-chief), though to this there are some exceptions. The 
assistant chief is usually, but not always, a member of the same family 
as that of his high chief, and, on the death of the latter, is frequently 
promoted to his position. If not so promoted, he still remains the assist- 
