[CAMPBELL] AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY 73 
honoured fellow of this Society, Mr. Horatio Hale, whether by the aid 
of my paper or not [I have not heard, announced that the Basque and 
the Iroquois were members of the same family of speech, but drew the 
irrelevant conclusion that the Iroquois had come from Europe to America. 
This I confuted by showing, first of all, that the Basque stands in the 
same relation to a large number of American languages, including the 
Aztec-Sonora and the Peruvian groups, as it does to the Huron-Iroquois- 
Cherokee group, and secondly by exhibiting the wonderfully closer 
likeness to the latter of the contifental branches of the languages of the 
Peninsular Mongolidæ, such as the Koriaks and Tchuktchis, the Yeni- 
seians, Yukahirians and Kamtchadales, even in long compound words. 
The relation of the Corean, Japanese and Aino tongues, as well as of 
the dialects of Loo-Choo and the Meia-co-shimas, to the languages of 
Siberia, excepting the Yakut Turk and the Ugrian, is well established 
As things that are equal to the same thing are equal to one another, it 
follows that Japanese, the best known of these forms of speech, must 
have extensive American relations. In its absence of polysynthesis and 
great simplicity of structure it resembles the Peruvian and the Sonora 
languages, with which its vocabulary is in general accord, but, on com- 
patison with the Choctaw-Maskoki group, it appears that they, the 
Choctaw, Chickasa, Creek and Seminole, are virtually Japanese dialects. 
Thus the common Japanese words, hito, kusa, foshi, suna, yubi and nitchi 
by a common addition become the Choctaw hattak, kushuk, fichik, shinuk, 
ibbak and nittak. These dialects are to Japanese as English is to German, 
or the Romance languages to Latin. While generally agreeing in their 
Peninsular Mongolidæ resemblances, the Dakota dialects have peculiari- 
ties that intimately link them with the Aino speech of Yeso and Sagha- 
lien. Then the Basque and the Japanese are related ? Undoubtedly 
they are, and the links between them are the Georgian, Lesghian, and 
other dialects of the Caucasus, and the varying speech of the aboriginal 
tribesmen of the Himalayas. The extinct languages of the Indo-Scyths, 
the Parthians, the Cappadocians, Phrygians, and Lydians, the Oscans, 
Samnites and Etruscans, the Iberians, the Picts, the Tuatha de Danans of 
Ireland, and the Silures of Wales belonged to the same great family to 
which I have given the name Khitan applied by the Chinese to that 
portion of their race which ruled the Celestial Empire for much more 
than a century. 
Several years ago I succeeded in assigning phonetic values to the 
varying, yet radically similar, Turanian characters found on monuments 
of different kinds from Britain to India, and from India to the west of 
Nova Scotia. West of Syria the language they yield is archaic Basque, 
void of any polysynthesis, save that of the inclusion of the subject and 
indirect regimen pronouns with the two verbs substantive and active, 
and east of that region they yield archaic Japanese destitute of any 
