[CAMPBELL] AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY 73 
the Delawares,” contain rather material for history than history proper, 
like the far scattered inscribed stones. But in Mexico, Central America, 
and Peru, there are veritable histories in the form of chronicles, compiled 
from materials existing in oral or written tradition before the Conquest. 
The Maya, Quiche, and Cachiquel documents of Yucatan and Guatemala 
may be set aside for the present, and the Mexican and Peruvian annals 
of Ixtlilxochitl and Tezozomoc, of Garcilasso de la Vega and Montesinos, 
claim sole attention. From these we gather that the Toltec or oldest 
Mexican dynasty began to reign in 721 A.D., and that it was expelled to 
the south by the Chichimecs in 1064, the very year in which the Peru- 
vian monarchy began. The Toltecs were the Durdukku of the Assyrian 
monuments, the Dardani of the Greeks, and their Incas of the four 
quarters were the descendants of the Anakim of Kirjath Arba, and of the 
same blood as the royal Anzis of the Loo-Choo islands. The annals of 
Japan and of these islands show that an enforced migration of this stock 
from Japan took place early in the eighth century, and it seems that, 
while part of the fleet that carried-the exiles reached the Loo-Choo 
archipelago, the greater part was driven to the American coast, there to 
found the empire of the Toltecs. The Chichimec and Aztec tribes, the 
remnants of which are the Shoshones and the Utes of the Paduca family, 
coming down from some higher point at which they had struck the 
coast, fell upon their relatives of Mexico, who at the same time were 
their hereditary foes, and expelled them to the south after the middle of 
the eleventh century. Other invaders of Mexico, lured southward by 
reports of its wealth, were the Mound-Builders of the Mississippi and 
Ohio villages, whose progress from the north was also hastened by the 
pressure of tribes belonging to their own flesh and blood that had traversed 
the Aleutian chain and had made their way across half the continent. 
Once more returning to language, Professor Cyrus Thomas has lately 
stated that the civilization and the tongues of the Huastec-Maya-Quiche 
peoples of Central America are of Malay-Polynesian origin. This I 
stated in several publications issued in Britain and America many years 
ago, and as firmly I now repeat the statement. Having studied more or 
less completely the structure of over six hundred languages and dialects, 
I found that their most radical difference lay, not in any mere accident 
of polysynthesis or phonetics, but in something far more radical, a 
diversity in the logical order of thought. We who speak English and 
French are so accustomed to our own syntax, and are so confirmed in it 
by our Greek and Latin, our Hebrew and even our Celtic studies, that 
we regard it as the normal mode of thought expression. But the 
Sanscritist discovers that what he has always supposed to be the cart 
frequently goes before what he has regarded as the horse, and, on reflec- 
tion, finds that there are isolated cases of the same kind in Latin, in 
German, and even in English. The monosyllabic languages and the 
