100 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
SECTION III Taxe Harty ExPLorers: Norse, ENGLISH, PorTu- 
GUESE, SPANISH AND FRENCH, 1000-1604. 
An impartial discussion of the possibility of visits of the Norse- 
men to. our shores. No student has yet claimed that they landed 
in New Brunswick, but one distinguished student of our early his- 
tory, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Howley, of West Newfoundland, is working 
upon the route of the founders of Vinland with a result which makes 
them land in the province, and his view seems to me to have more in 
its favour than have those which send them to Nova Scotia, Massachusetts 
or Rhode Island. Cabot was probably never in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
but certainly other early voyagers entered it and the Bay of Fundy ; 
Cartier explored the North Shore ; David Ingram possibly descended the 
St. John. In a complete history, every possibility should receive discus- 
sion and every important theory should be mentioned. Finally came 
Champlain, and from this time on, we are on more certain ground, 
Effects of this period upon the following ones. This section of course 
divided into chapters as in the preceding and having introduction, con- 
clusion, ete. 
The cartography of the period is of great interest, and the gradual 
differentiation of New Brunswick out of the obscurity of the early maps 
forms a fascinating study in evolution. 
Critical notes, as in previous sections. 
Appendix I.—Bibliography of the period. 
Appendix 1[.—Place-nomenclature of the period. 
Appendix I]I.—Cartography of the period, prefaced by an essay on 
the study of cartography: its principles, the personal equation in map- 
making, historical value, ete., followed by a classified list of maps arranged 
to show evolution. Each map should be described by giving its date, 
author, title, size, scale, range. 
SECTION IV.—THE PERIOD oF FRENCH OccuPATION, 1604-1760. 
The most picturesque, and hence, in some ways, most interesting era 
of our history, though with little effect upon its later course. There were 
struggles with the English, who twice during the period possessed the 
province, and there was one attack by the Dutch. The attempts at 
settlement by seigneuries were almost entire failures, and the fur trade 
was the great attraction. The struggles of LaTour and Charnisay, and 
the expulsion of the Acadians, stand out sharply in this period. As to 
the latter event, it would be easier to discuss it calmly had “ Evangeline” 
never been written; by some writers this poem has been so constantly 
quoted that to many people it has assumed the character of an historical 
document, almost an original authority. The last word has not been said 
on the expulsion, and the subject invites impartial investigation. But 
