[ HARRISON ] HAIDA GRAMMAR 135 
F. We have also a Causative Form equalling in force the Hiphil in the 
Hebrew language : 
Tlaou kwoyadihalgung, I cause to love. 
Tlaou istiédhalgung, I cause to go. 
Tlaou tliti¢halgung, I cause to kill. 
G. There is a Commandative Form in the Haida language, but it is 
not frequently used : 
Tlaou kil kwoyadung, I command to love. 
Tlaou kil tlüadang, I command to sit down. 
Tlaou kil kaïitang, I command to go. 
H. The Intentional Form signifies what the speaker intends todo as: 
Tlaou kalitungkasang, I am about to go. 
Tlaou kwoyadaungkasang, Iam about to love. 
Tlaou haelthtaungkasang, Iam about to fight. 
I There is also another form which is used to denote a wish or 
desire : 
Di stigé da kwudungung, I wish to be ill. 
Tlaou kauge da kwudungung, I desire to see. 
Tlaou kwoyadié du kwudungung, I wish to love. 
J. Participles. 
Besides the four moods we have in Haida three participles. The 
participles describe both what is imperfect and what is complete. The 
three forms are the present, the perfect, and the present progressive. 
PRESENT. PERFECT. 
Ltbaangwilas, Working. Lthaangwilgini, Having worked. 
Kwuduns, Wishing. Kwudungini, Having wished. 
Kwoyadas, Loving. Kwoyadagini, Having loved. 
Telgakings, Hating. Telgakingini, Having hated. 
Kings, Seeing. Kingini, Having seen. 
Haelthtas, Fighting. Haélthtagini, Having fought. 
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. 
Lthaangwilgigini, Having been working. 
Kwudungigini, Having been wishing. 
Kwoyadagigini, ~ Having been loving. 
Telgakin@gigini, Having been hating. 
Kingigini, Having been seeing. 
Haelthta @igini, Having been fighting. 
3. Tenses. 
Tense is from the Latin tempus and signifies time. If we take into 
consideration the time in which an action is performed and express it, we 
