138 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
In the same year (1890) a small collection of plants made by Prof 
Lawson, then of the Geological Survey, was submitted to the writer, 
and though the specimens, too few and imperfect to form the subject 
of a separate paper, they were recognized as probably of Upper Laramie 
or Eocene age. 
The supposed equivalents of these beds in the United States terri- 
tory have been cursorily examined by several geologists of that country. 
They are known to rest on Cretaceous rocks identified by their fossils 
with the Nanaimo group of British Columbia, which is known to be 
Upper Cretaceous. Their vegetable and animal fossils are held to indi- 
sate deposition in an estuary, and their plants are regarded as Tertiary, 
though they have been referred to different ages. extending from the 
Laramie to the Miocene. The latest views of Lesquereux, Newberry 
White, Knowlton and other palæobotanists and geologists of the United 
States, seem to be that the beds are of Kocene age, and that the fossil 
plants may be best compared with those of the Upper Laramie or Fort 
Union group of the interior plains. 
These points were discussed by Prof. C. A. White in the Bulletin of 
the United States Geological Survey, No. 51, 1889, in which he also refers 
to the work of Barclay Willis and the late Dr. Newberry. A later 
account of them is given by Prof. W. B. Clark, in the Bulletin of the 
same Survey No. $3, 1891. They are also referred. to by Dr. Dall in his 
correlation papers on the Neocene, and by Fairbanks in a paper on “The 
Geology of the California Coast Ranges.” ! 
From these papers it would appear that the beds of the Puget group 
may amount to 10,000 feet in thickness, and consist of yellow and gray 
fine-grained sandstones and gray arenaceous shales, carbonaceous shales 
and beds of coal or lignite. Of the latter, seventeen are said to be work- 
able, ranging from three to fifteen feet in thickness. The group is 
locally overlain by beds of coarse and fine gravel, probably Pleistocene, 
which have in some places a thickness of 300 feet, and which attain to 
an elevation of 2,000 feet above the sea in the Cascade range. These 
superficial beds are filled with pebbles of hard volcanic rock, similar to 
that of beds or masses overlying the Puget group and to veins traversing 
it. These volcanic rocks may be of Pliocene age. They form the high- 
est peaks of the Cascade Mountains, 14,000 feet in height, and must of 
course be newer than the beds of the Puget series. 
Under the Puget group there appear in a few places marine Creta- 
ceous beds, holding Baculites. ‘These beds-have been disturbed before the 
deposition of the former group. They are probably of the age of the 
Nanaimo series. 
The animal fossils of the Puget group are fresh-water and brackish- 

! Bulletin Geol. Society of America, 1894. 
