[MILLS] PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 225 
or towards, say a large part of the animals that might be found in any 
menagerie, is one that I have not investigated. I have been very much 
impressed by the fact, that at an early age the kitten, when suddenly dis- 
turbed in any way, reacts much as if a dog had come upon it, though in 
a less marked manner. 
Nevertheless, the behaviour ofa kitten, even a few days after its birth, 
towards even the smell of a dog on the hands, is very suggestive of 
an instinctive fear or dislike of the dog. At the same time, I have seen 
a kitten act much the same when an irritant was placed near its nose, 
or after it could hear, when it was startled by a noise. This subject is 
worthy of further study. 
Equally striking in the kitten as in the puppy is the rapidity with 
which the creature tires under any sort of stimulus, especially within the 
first twenty days of life. After a few trials, sometimes after the very 
first one, the smell of a dog ceases to produce the reaction in the cat 
during the blind period, and unless one is aware of this all sorts of 
erroneous conclusions may be drawn regarding very young animals, 
This tendency to rapid fatigue indicates in reality, both why the animals 
do sleep and must sleep so often. I am quite satisfied that any sort of 
irritation, whether from within or from without, that will prevent 
frequent periods of sleep occurring, will disorder the health and even cause 
death in young animals, and I believe this is one reason why parasites are 
so injurious to very young animals. 
As in the case of the dog, a young kitten, even on the day of its birth, 
will be slow to crawl off a surface—as a table. These animals have what 
amounts to a sense of support, the absence of which causes them uneasy 
sensations. They turn away from the space beyond their support because 
it does not afford the essential sensation, and as I have remarked in my 
first paper on the dog, this seems to me as fundamental as anything that 
is to be found in animal psychology. 
In the cat as in the dog, the winking reflex is slowly developed, and 
is never so marked asin man. A cat can look atone much more steadily 
than a dog and for a longer time, a fact which has its own psychical 

significance. 
The cat knows no shyness or modesty in the sense in which a dog, 
especially a pure bred dog, experiences such a feeling. 
In one particular the cat is greatly in advance of the dog at the 
corresponding period, and also finally, viz., in co-ordination of voluntary 
movements. 
Though according to my notes the kitten did not begin to use the 
limbs in scratching (quite a complicated movement for a young animal), 
much before the puppy, if at all, still progress, even in this direction, was 
much more rapid in the cat. I have taken care to give a very complete 
account of the movements (actions) of the kitten so that there might be 
Sec. IV., 1895. 15. 
