228 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
very large margin in favour of the cat. I doubt if the dog does at any 
period of his life possess this persistence to the same extent as the cat, and 
as in many human beings, this characteristic is associated with unusual 
physical stamina. The cat’s power to live, in spite of its unfavourable 
surroundings, and her power to resist disease and recover from injury, 
are undoubtedly greater than in the dog. 
The cat is notoriously an independent creature, and in common esti- 
mation devoid, or nearly so, of docility. But this very independence and 
readiness to resent, tends, as I have before explained, to cause the cat to 
be misunderstood. I have, with set purpose, given in great detail my 
kitten’s history with reference to education in cleanliness, and growing 
out of this subject alone a long, and I venture to think, valuable paper 
might be written on the subject of the education of animals and human 
beings. 
It will be observed that the kitten’s instincts were met by placing a 
sand-pan directly in its path from a box in which it slept to the book- 
shelves which it was determined to visit. 
From the first moment that its foot was placed in the sand I noticed 
that a powerful appeal had been made to the creature’s psychic nature— 
a new experience engendered a new psychic life—awakened dormant 
emotions, tendencies, etc., and these were fundamental. To my mind this 
is at the very root of all sound education. 
At times, it is true, a little gentle restraint had to be used to prevent 
the chain of psychic connections forged by these experiences from being 
broken. But how different the result in this case from that which fol- 
lowed opposition to the kitten’s going among the book-shelves. The 
latter was an instructive thing, the expression of the feline nature to seek 
retirement in the day time, and so strong was it and so supported by 
will-power and intelligence, that this kitten baftled human efforts in this 
case to go counter toits nature. I have been accustomed to encourage 
even young puppies, as soon as they are able to leave their nest, to form 
habits of cleanliness, but I have no notes on this subject at allso complete 
as in the case of this kitten, though some will be found in my first paper 
on the dog. 
But I now leave the reader with the diary before him to draw his 
own conclusions. 
The cat can be taught much, but her education must be conducted 
somewhat differently from the dog’s, because her nature is not in all 
respects like his. 
The dog, especially the pure-bred dog, is docility itself. The dog 
may be forced to obey—the cat cannot. The dog usually delights to 
obey, or at all events to meet the approval of his master, and he only 
fails to make this evident when carried awav by the force of his instincts. 
