260 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
species can be compared or referred ; its great size is unparallelled among 
the species of that age, and only as early as the Ordovician time do we 
find similar large Lingulæ ; none of these, however, agree with L. Howleyi 
in form. The well known JZ. quadrata is much less rectangular, and its 
cardinal slopes are more acute. LZ. quadrata is found in the middle and 
upper part of the Trenton, and in the Baltic provinces of Russia appears 
(by de Verneuil’s localities) to occur in beds equivalent to the Llandeilo 
Group of Britain, Z. Canadensis of the Hudson R. beds in Anticosti is 
another large quadrate species, but it is a third wider, and has a cancel- 
lated surface. L. Nympha of the Chazy beds of northern Newfoundland 
is one of the oldest of these large Lingule ; but it is longer and narrower 
than our species. L. Quebecensis, another large species of the Quebec 
group (Arenig horizon), is regularly oval. A species which in its general 
form appears to be nearer our species than any other is L. Lewisii, Sow.’ 
This is said to be somewhat smaller than the Newfoundland species, but 
it has similar obtuse beaks and parallel sides. Following the biological 
indications given by L. Howleyi, the sandstone in which it is found can- 
not be older than the Ordovician time. But it is probably even younger, 
for there is no species that more closely resembles the Kelly’s Island 
Lingula than ZL. Lewisii, Sow. Sowerby’s species is found in the middle 
and upper part of the Silurian (Upper) in the west of England. This 
resembling species from Newfoundland shows even more strongly the 
variation to a quadrate form, and is perhaps fully as modern as tke 
English shell. 
This species is named in honour of J. P. Howley 
Geological Survey of Newfoundland. 
, director of the 
TRIMERELLIDE. 
Among the Brachiopods received from Mr. Howley were some large 
thick shelled species, examples of some of those which had been described 
by E. Billings, and which this author had provisionally, but! doubtfully, 
referred to Lingulella.. They are larger and thicker than the known 
species of Lingulella, and their deep muscle-scars, incipient partitions in 
the umbo and other characters appear to ally them to the Trimerellide ; 
but it does not seem possible to refer them to any described genus. 
LINGULOBOLUS, n. gen. 
A rather large inarticulate brachiopod, valves thickened around the 
visceral cavity ; the thickened portion consisting of successive plates, but 
there is no true vaulted platform. The borders of the thickened part of 

1 Tam indebted to Mr. G. Van Ingen, of Columbia College, N. Y., for copies of Mr. 
Davison’s figures of this species. 
2 Paleozoic Fossils, vol. ii., pt. i., p. 67, figs. 35 and 36a-c. 
