CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



De-Watering Press • Drying the Fish Meal • Direct Heat Drier • Steam- 

 tube Drier • Air-Lift Drier • Vacuum Drier • HandHng Odors • 

 Packaging the Fish Meal • Calculations of Yields • Press Liquor and Oil 



• The Centrifuge System • Condensation of the Press Water • Concen- 

 tration of Stickwater • Analysis of Condensed Fish Solubles • Liquid Fish 

 ■ Fish Meal • Characteristics of Fish Oils • Iodine Number of Fish Oils 



• Menhaden Oil • Composition • Uses • Miscellaneous Oils. 



Chapter 23: Fish Liver Oils 493 



Methods of Processing Cod Livers • The Flotation Process • Removal of 

 Oil by Sugar Beet Residues • Extraction of Crayfish and Shark Liver Oils 



• Alkali Digestion Method • Enzyme and Alkali Digestion Process • 

 Extraction of Livers of Low Oil Content, High Vitamin A Potency • Solvent 

 Extraction Methods • Condition of Livers and Processing Procedure • Vis- 

 cera • Preservation of Livers • Freezing and Storing Livers • Livers 

 Preserved by Salting • Foniialin as a Liver Preservative • Factors Con- 

 trolling Quality of Vitamin A Liver Oil • Extraction of Livers by Solvents 



• Processing by Alkali Digestion • Processing Equipment • Alkali Diges- 

 tion Method • Sampling of Livers • Laboratory Analysis • Calculations 

 Involved in Vitamin A Determination • Chemical Control in Oil Production 



• The Capsulating Process • Concentration of Vitamin A • Saponifica- 

 tion Method • Concentration by Molecular Distillation • Solexol Process 

 of Concentrating Vitamin A • Production of Vitamin A Oils in the U. S. 

 International and U.S. P. Standards for Vitamin A. 



Chapter 24: Fish Glue and Isinglass 524 



Manufacture and Properties of Fish Glue • Importance and Location of In- 

 dustry • Chemistry of Fish Glue Manufacture • Source of Raw Materials 



• Methods of Manufacture • Skin Glue • Waste Glue • Fish-Head 

 Glue • Composition of Fish Glue • Examination of Liquid Glue 

 Methods of Examination • By-Products • Uses • Fish Isinglass and the 

 Isinglass Industry • Location of Industry • Raw Materials • Methods 

 of Manufacture • Russian Isinglass • American Methods • Composition 

 and Properties of Isinglass • Uses. 



Chapter 25: Manufacture of Leather from Marine Sources 538 



Hair Seals • Walrus Skins • Sharkskin Leather • Defects that Reduce 

 Value of Hides • Porpoise Skins • Miscellaneous Leathers • Chemical 

 Reactions Involved in Tanning. 



Chapter 26: The Oyster Industry of the World 550 



Species of Oysters • Biology • Opening and Closing of the Shell • Res- 

 piration and Feeding • Digestive Gland • Sex and Propagation • Fat- 

 ness • Cultivation of Oysters • Seed Oyster Industry • Public Oyster 

 Grounds • Harvesting of Oysters • Natural Enemies of the Oyster • 

 Preparation for Market and Selling of Oysters • Commercial Brands • 

 Shucking • Canning • Sanitary Control • The "R" Rule • Chemical 

 Composition and Nutritive Value of Oyster Meat • By-Products. 



Chapter 27: The Clam Industry of the United States 576 



Commercial Importance of the Industry • Species of Clams Commercially 

 Utilized • Chemical Composition of Clams • Contamination by Pathogenic 

 Organisms • Clam Culture in New England • Razor Clam Cultivation in 

 Japan • Atlantic Coast Industry • Soft Clams • Hard Clam Fishery • 

 The Pacific Coast Clam Industry • Preservation of Clams • Canning • 

 The Smoking, Salting, and Drying of Clams. 



