viii CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Chapter 7: Pearls and the Pearl Industry 107 



The Pearl Fisheries • Ceylon Fisheries • Fishing in the Red Sea 

 Venezuelan Fisheries • Panama Fishery • Mexican Fishery • Australian 

 Fisheries • Malaysian Fishery • Other Pearl Fisheries • Characteristics 

 of Genuine Pearls from Various Sources • Evaluation of Pearls • Utiliza- 

 tion in Jewelry • Stringing • Mounting • Cultured Pearls • Pearl 

 Essence and Imitation Pearls • American Source of Pearl Essence • Pro- 

 cesses of Making Pearl Essence • Manufacture of Imitation Pearls • Hol- 

 low Glass Beads • Solid or Indestructible Imitation Pearls • Dipping the 

 Beads • Other Uses for Pearl Essence. 



Chapter 8: Mother-of-pearl and Blister Pearls 124 



Structure and Composition • The Mother-of-Pearl Fisheries • Species of 

 Mollusks Utilized • Geographical Distribution of Mother-of-Pearl Shell Fish- 

 eries, Pearl Oysters • Margaritifera Vulgaris Jameson • Margaritifera (Vari- 

 ous Species) White Shells • Yellow Shells • Green Shells • Black Shells 



Green Snails • Trochus • Haliotis, Abalones • Fishery Methods 

 Australian Pearl Fisheries • Methods • Society Islands • Philippine Pearl 

 Shell Fisheries • Trochus Shell Fisheries • Lingah Shells • California 

 Abalone Fishery • Japanese Mother-of-Pearl • Chank Fishery of India 

 Classification of Shells • Manufacture of Buttons • Manufacture of Inlaid 

 Objects • Cameos • Production • Jewelry and Miscellaneous Objects 

 Preservation • Blister Pearls • Origin • Utilization. 



Chapter 9: The Precious Coral Industry 141 



Importance of Industry • Nature of Coral • Living Coral • The Coral 

 of Commerce • Coral Fishing • Location of Industry • Mediterranean 

 Japanese Fisheries • American Coral • Methods of Fishing • Jap- 

 anese Methods • Grading of Coral • Working of Coral • Utilization in 

 Jewelry. 



Chapter 10: Characteristics of Marine Fishes 147 



The Antiquity of Fishes • Anatomy • Color • Migrations • Geographi- 

 cal Distribution • Spawning and Reproduction • Larval Development 

 Effect of Fishing • Geographical and Vertical Distribution of Some Com- 

 mercially Important Fishes of the United States. 



Chapter 11: Fluctuations in Abundance of Marine Fishes: Their 



Measurement, Causes and Prediction 181 



Measurement; Selection of Method and Unit • Actual Counting • Catch 

 per Unit of Effort • Age Analysis • Tagging or Marking • Egg Enu- 

 meration • Research Vessel Catches • Causes • Natural Causes 

 Man-made Causes • Prediction • From Estimates of Fry Abundance 

 From Size or Age Composition • From a Study of Cycles • From Mortality 

 Rates. 



Chapter 12: Economic Importance of the World's Fisheries 191 



General • Fishing Areas • Production by Countries • Production by 

 Species • Utilization of Catch • Foreign Trade • Per Capita Consump- 

 tion • Fisheries of the United States • U. S. Foreign Trade in Fish and 

 Fishery Products. 



Chapter 13: American Fishing Gear and Fishery Methods 234 



Early Development • Relative Importance of Fishing Gear • Vessels, 

 Boats and Men in Commercial Fisheries Operations • Fibers Used in Com- 



