38 MARINE PRODUCTS OF COMMERCE 



evaporation caused crystallization of potassium chloride with a portion of the 

 magnesium chloride, which, combining to form an impure carnallite (KCLMgCL. 

 6H2O), left little else in solution but magnesium chloride, which was discarded. 

 A considerable proportion of potassium chloride was removed from the carnallite 

 by washing, first with a potassium chloride solution, and then with water. 



Merle and Pechiney improved Balard's process by making use of artificial 

 refrigeration for the cooling of the liquors; moreover, they introduced other new 

 features for the preparations of anhydrous sodium sulfate. 



Description of Samples 



IIB 198. Leslie Salt Refining Works, San Mateo, Calif. Representative sample of 

 mother-liquor from the near northwest corner of the mother-liquor pond. 



IIB 199. Leslie Salt Refining Works, San Mateo, Calif. Sample from the southeast 

 corner of the mother-liquor pond. 



IIB 200. Leslie Salt Refining Works, San Mateo, Calif. Mother liquor from the 

 salt-making pond (solar evaporator or "salt garden"); pond has been "making salt" 

 during the summer. 



IIB 201. Oliver Salt Works, Mt. Eden, Calif. Mother liquor from slop pond, which 

 represents a 5-year accumulation. 



IIB 202. Oliver Salt Works, Mt. Eden, Calif. Mother liquor which has been subjected 

 to some special treatment. 



IIB 204. California Salt Co., Alvarado, Calif. Mother liquor from the slop pond, which 

 represents about a three-year accumulation, with the subtraction of considerable quanti- 

 ties for "forcing" purposes and the addition of small quantities of other waste liquors. 



IIB 205. Pioneer Salt Co., San Francisco, Calif. A year's accumulation of mother 

 liquor. 



The California Process. Little use was made of the bitterns obtained in the 

 manufacture of solar salt in northern California until the event of World War I, 

 when the high prices of chemicals and the general economic situation brought 



* Turrentine, J. W., "Composition of the Salines of the United States," /. Ind. Eng. 

 Chem., 5, 19-24 (1913). 

 f Gardner, R. F., analyst. 



