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MARINE PRODUCTS OF COMMERCE 



Spherical or cylindrical steel floats, about 6 inches in diameter, are attached for 

 buoyancy to the headropes in the mid-section, or bosom. Heavy chains or other 

 weights are attached to the footrope in the same area to aid in keeping this 

 portion on the bottom. On rough fishing grounds large wooden rollers are fixed 



Fig. 1.3-11. Typical North Atlantic trawler, showing the "gallows," or frames supporting 

 the towing cables, and their hook-up arrangement at the stern while fishing. 



to the chains to assist the net in getting over rocks and debris and to prevent snag- 

 ging and tearing. Raw, green cowhides are often fixed to the lower half of the 

 cod-end to prevent the net from being chafed. 



Two heavy wooden doors, 5 to 12 feet long, 3 to 5 high, and approximately 3 

 inches thick, to the bottom of which are attached steel runners or shoes, assist 



Fig. 13—12. Trawl net, showing the kiting action of the otter boards which 

 keeps the movith of the net open while in operation. 



in keeping the net spread properly. Steel brackets or chains in the form of small 

 bridles are fixed on either side of the doors in the mid-section. The bridles from 

 the net wings are attached to the outer brackets, while the towing warps, usually 

 made of steel, or heavy Manila, are attached to the inner brackets. 



Trawl nets are almost always set from either side of the vessel, approximately 

 midship. Special winches with separate controls on each drum enable the fisher- 

 men to have full control of the towing cables at all times. The cod-end goes over- 

 board first, followed by the mid-section, square and wings, while the vessel 



