FISH MEAL AND OIL 491 



All of the waste products, including heads, viscera, and the dark portions of the 

 fish, are used in the production of oil and meal. 



There are a number of other species which enter into the production of meal 

 and oil, but the volume is small. Some of these species are: redfish trimmings, 

 halibut heads, carp, and burbot. 



REFERENCES 

 Anderson, A. W., Harrison, R. W., and Pottinger, S. R., "Studies on Drying Cod and 



Haddock Waste," U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Investigational Rept., 32 (1935). 

 Anon., "Utilization of Fish Cannery Wastes," Food Mfg., 16, 49 (1941). 

 Anon., "Fish Meal and Oil," Fishing Gazette, 66, No. 6, 64-66 (1949). 

 Anon., "Utilization of Alaska Salmon Cannery Waste," Parts I and II, U. S. Dept. of 



Commerce, OiRce of Technical Services ( 1948 ) . 

 Anon., "The By-products Situation Existing in Europe Today," Fishing Gazette, 66, 



No. 5, 63 (1949). 

 Anon., "The Practical Importance of Quality in Condensed Fish Solubles," Pacific Fisher- 

 man, 47, No. 8, 36 (1949). 

 Anon., "There's Good Hard Cash in Stickwater," Food Industries, 22, 242 ( 1950). 

 Baldwin, W. H., and Parks, L. E., "The Body Oil from Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus): 



A. Low Temperature Crystallization of Glycerides. B. Some of the 18 and 20 Carbon 



Atom Acids," Oil and Soap, 20, No. 6, 101-104 (1943). 

 Berry, E. P., Carrick, C. W., Roberts, R. E., and Hauge, S. M., "Condensed Fish-Press 



Water and Fish-Liver Meal in Chick Rations," Poultry Sci., 24, No. 3, 3 (1945). 

 Brocklesby, H. N., "Chemistry and Technology of Marine Animal Oils," Fisheries Re- 

 search Board Canada, Bull, 59 (1941). 

 Brocklesby, H. N., "The Chemistry of Marine Mammal, Fish, and Fish-Liver Oils as 



Related to Their Utilization in World Commerce," Proc. of the Sixth Pac. Sci. Cong., 



3, 291, Berkeley, Univ. of Calif. Press (1939). 

 Butler, C, "Fish-Reduction Processes," U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet, 



129 (1949). 

 Cameron, T., "New Hydro-Vac Lift Speeds Fish Direct from Boat to Cannery," Food 



Industries, 21, No. 11, 92 (1949). 

 Carlson, C. B., and Foster, K. P., "Experimental Purse Seine Fishing for Menhaden with 



the Jeff Davis," U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Supplement, Fishery Market News, 



7, 5a (1945). 

 Daniel, E. P., and McCollum, E. V., "Studies of the Nutritive Value of Fish Meals," 



U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Investigational Rept., 2 (1931). 

 Fiedler, R. H., "The Factory Ship," Proc. of Sixth Pac. Sci. Cong., 3, 273, Berkeley, 



Univ. of Calif . Press (1939). 

 Harrison, R. W., "The Menhaden Industry," U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Investiga- 

 tional Rept., 1 (1931). 

 Harrison, R. W., "Market for Marine Animal OUs in the United States," U. S. Fish and 



Wildlife Service, Investigational Rept., 7 (1931). 

 Harrison, R. W., "Some Aspects of Fish Meal Manufacture and Distribution," Proc. 



of Sixth Pacific Sci. Cong., 3, 309, Berkeley, Univ. of Calif. Press (1939). 

 Harrison, R. W., and Pottinger, S. R., "Commercial Production of Menhaden Fish Oil 



for Animal Feeding," U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Investigational Rept., 4 (1931). 

 Hatton, S. R., and Smalley, G. R., "Reduction Processes for Sardines in California," 



Calif. Div. of Fish and Game, Fish Bull, 24, 391^14 (1938). 

 Ingvaldsen, T., "Fish Meals. Part I. The EflFect of High Temperature Employed for 



Drying on the Nitrogen Partition," Can. Chem. and Met., 13, 97-99 (1929). 

 Kraybill, H. F., and Nilson, H. W., "Chemical Studies of Lipoid Extracts from Men- 



