712 MARINE PRODUCTS OF COMMERCE 



In 1948-49, the latest year for figures published by the International Whaling 

 Statistics, 18 floaters operated in the Antarctic. Elsewhere in the world in 1949 

 a British floater under American contract operated off the west coast of South 

 America, 1 or 2 Japanese boats off the Bonins, and a Soviet ship in the N. Pacific- 

 Bering-Okhotsk region. 



The Shore Station 



The shore station is considerably less expensive than the floating factory, but 

 it is also considerably smaller and more limited in range. About 100 miles is con- 

 sidered the usual maximum working range for the 3 to 6 catcher boats usually 

 attached to a shore station. However, it can also be very efficient if it combines 

 fishing operations and fish-waste reduction with whaling activities. 



Requirements for a successful station, besides a good market, efficient manage- 

 ment, and proper equipment, are (1) plenty of fresh water, (2) deep and quiet 

 anchorage for the catcher boats and whale carcasses, (3) not too steep or narrow 

 a shore for hauling the whales up the ramp to the flensing deck, and (4) plenty 

 of whales within 100 miles for at least 4 to 6 continuous months. 



In 1948 39 shore stations were in operation, including 3 on South Georgia in 

 the subantarctic of the Atlantic, 1 or 2 in Brazil, 1 in Australia, besides the usual 

 ones in Norway, the Faeroes, Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, California, Brit- 

 ish Columbia, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand, and Japan. In Japan alone there 

 are perhaps 15 stations to take care of practically all the local species of cetaceans, 

 large and small, for complete utilization by her intense economy. 



Whaling Regulations 



Whaling of the larger species: Sperm, sei, Bryde's, finback, blue, and humpback 

 is regulated by the International Whaling Regulations (IWR). At present these 

 are based on the Schedule of the Washington Convention of December, 1946, and 

 the several modifications of the Whaling Commission inaugurated in June, 1949. 

 The Commission alone, by due process, can modify the law today, and the cum- 

 bersome, formal treaty is no longer needed (International Convention, 1946). 



National whaling laws also exist; and if they were enacted by a High Contract- 

 ing Party to the Washington Convention of 1946, they follow the Schedule and 

 subsequent modifications of the Commission. The U. S. national whaling laws are 

 known as the Joint Regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secre- 

 tary of the Interior (50 C.F.R., Part 251), These laws are subject to later interna- 

 tional regulations, and contain additional restrictions. 



REFERENCES 



Anon., "Ambergris," Chem. Trade J., and Chem. Eng., 74 (1924). Reprinted in U. S. Fish 

 and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leafiet, 280 (1948). 



Anon., "Whale Meat," Food Industries, 21, No. 1, 81-82 (1949a). 



Anon., "Equipment and Processing Methods Used by Japanese Antarctic Whaling Ex- 

 peditions," Gen. Hdqt., SCAP, Tokyo, Nat. Resources Sect., Weekly Summ., 171, 16-22 

 Jan. (1949b). 



Anon. (Terry, W. M.), "Porpoise and Dolphin Fishery (Small Whale Fishery)," Nat. Res. 

 Sect., SCAP, Tokyo, Weekltj Summ., 208, 6-7, 2-8 Oct. (1949c). 



Armstrong, E., and Allan, J., "A Neglected Chapter in Chemistry: the Fats," /. Soc. Chem. 

 Ind., 43, 207T-218T (1924). 



