230 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Maxillary rounded distally, often failing to reach joint of mandible, 1.3-1.5 in head. 

 Mandible 1.3— 1.5. Cheek increasing in proportionate length with growth, much 

 longer than eye and snout in large examples, its posterior angle about 40°. 



Dorsal fin with the longest rays reaching beyond tip of last ray if deflexed, its 

 origin about equidistant between caudal base and margin of opercle. Anal long, its 

 origin under or more usually somewhat in advance of dorsal origin, its base 2.9-3.3 

 in SL. Pelvic reaching only about a third of distance to anal, usually inserted a little 

 nearer to base of pectoral than to anal origin. Pectoral reaching to or beyond middle 

 of pelvic, 1. 0—1.3 i" head. Axillary scale of pectoral reaching to or somewhat beyond 

 midlength of fin, 1.8— 2.1 in head. 



Color. In alcohol, pale brownish above. Sides of head and lower parts of body 

 silvery. Silvery lateral band broad anteriorly, narrower on caudal portion of body, be- 

 coming diffused with the silvery shade on lower part of body anteriorly in large speci- 

 mens, apparently persisting posteriorly. 



Size. Examples 300 mm TL have been reported. 



Commercial Importance. This fish has been reported as very common in the market 

 at Belem (Para), Brazil. 



Range. Its range extends from Venezuela to northern Brazil, possibly as far south 

 as Rio de Janeiro. It ascends streams. 



Synonyms and References: 



C/upea atherinoides Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766: 535 (orig. descr.; type local. Surinam; type lost). 

 Engraulls atherinoides Cuvier and V'alenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 21, 1848: 31 (descr., relations., Surinam); 



Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 7, 1868: 398 (descr., Surinam, British Guiana, and Para, Brazil); 



Steindachner, Ichthyol. Beitr., 8, 1879: 59 (descr., Surinam; British Guiana; Para, Cameta, Gurupa, 



Rio de Janeiro, and Capim R., Brazil). 

 Pterengrau/is atherinoides Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47(1), 1896: 450 (descr., range); 



Schreiner and Miranda-Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. nac, Rio de J., 12, 1903: 94 (range, Guianas to Brazil); 



Starks, Stanf. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 1913: 10 (common in market at Pari, Brazil); Jordan and Scale, 



Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 6"], 1926: 386 (descr., Pari, Cameta, Gurupa, and Arary, Brazil); Fowler, 



Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 5j, 193 1 : 407 (Cano de Guanoco, Venezuela); Puyo, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. 



Toulouse, yo, 1936: 170, fig. 36 (descr., habitat in French Guiana); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. 



Philad., 9J, 1941 : 126, fig. 3 (Rio Jaguaribe, Ceara, Brazil; refs.); .^rqu. Zool. estad. Sao Paulo, J (6), 



1941 : 135 (refs., Brazil); Campos, Arqu. Zool. estad. Sao Paulo, J (7) 1941 : 200 (synon., descr., range); 



Hildebrand, Bull. Bingham ocean ogr. Coll., 5(2), 1943: 139, fig. 63 (descr., synon., range); Puyo, 



Faune Emp. Fran?., 12, Poiss. Guyane Fran?., 1949: 158, fig. 81 (descr., habitat, French Guiana); 



Schultz, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., g(), 1949: 48 (San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela). 

 Clupea pikhardus de Magalhaes (not of Linnaeus), Monogr. Brazil, Peises Fluviaes, 193 1: 194, fig. 104 (descr., 



local name, length, habitat). 



Doubtful Reference: 



Engraulis atherinoides Kncrr, "Novara," Zool., Fische (i), 1865: 332 (descr. insufficient for ident.; Rio de 

 Janeiro, Brazil). 



Genus Hildebrandichthys Schultz 1949 



Hildebrandichthys Schultz, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., ()g, 1949: 49; type species by original designation, Hilde- 

 brandichthys setiger Schultz. 



