36 



Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



but it differs in having: a shorter and blunter snout that projects little beyond the 

 mandible; smaller teeth of more uniform size in the lower jaw; a longer pectoral 

 that reaches to, or a little beyond, the base of the pelvic and has i6 or 17 rays 

 (i or 2 more than in grossidens and olldus)\ and apparently a dark vertebral band, which 

 is missing In the h. grossidens and L. olidus examined. In depth of body and in length 

 and shape of the maxillary it agrees with L. olidus rather than with L. grossidens. 



Commercial Importance. As some of the specimens in the collections studied were 

 purchased in markets, this species must be of some commercial value. 



Figure 54. Lycengraulis grossidens, 214 mm TL, from Porto Inhauna, Brazil, USNM 100835. Drawn by 

 Louella E. Cable. 



Range and Habitat. The range of L. grossidens extends from the Gulf of Venezuela 

 south about to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and of L. olidus from southern Brazil to northern 

 Argentina; both species ascend freshwater streams. The rather numerous records of 

 L. grossidens from Uruguay and Argentina are apparently referable to L. olidus. 



Synonyms and References: 



Engraulis grossidens Cuvier, in Spix and Agassiz, Pise. Brazil., 1829: 50, pi. 24, fig. i E (orig. descr.; type 

 local. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 7, 1868: 399 (descr., synon., British 

 Guiana). 



Engraulis Janeiro Agassiz, in Spix and Agassiz, Pise. Brazil., 1829: pi. 24, fig. i (t>'pe local. Rio de Janeiro, 

 Brazil; name and fig. only). 



Engraulis dentex Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 21, 1 848 : 28 (orig. descr.; type local. Rio de Janeiro, 

 Brazil); Kner, Reise "Novara," Zool., Fische, I, 1865: 332 (descr., Rio de Janeiro); Steindachner, 

 Ichthyol. Notiz., 6, 1867: 35 (descr., Rio de Janeiro and La Plata; the latter undoubtedly referable 

 to L. olidus'). 



Lycengraulis grossidens Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1 896 : 45 1 (descr., range, synon.) ; 

 Gilbert, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, 1900: 163 (descr., Pernambuco, Brazil); Starks, Stanf Univ. Publ., 

 Univ. Ser., 191 3: 11 (descr., Natal, Brazil); Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 6^, 

 1926: 383 (descr., Brazil and Uruguay; those from south of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, probably L. olidus; 

 those from Rio Poty, Brazil, are L. bariouri); von Ihering, Rev. Indust. Anim., Anno i (3), 1930: 233 

 (size, diagn.); Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 51 (range, synon.); 

 Fowler, Arqu. Zool. estad. Sao Paulo, J (6), 1941 : 135 (refs., Brazil); Hildebrand, Bull. Bingham oceanogr. 



