324 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Comm. (1897), ly, 1898: 91 (Woods Hole, Massachusetts); Smith and Bean, Bull. U S. Fish Coram. 

 (1898), 18, 1899: 183 (Potomac R., weight); Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 

 1900: 55 (refs., Florida); Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. (1899), ig, 1901: 438 (parasites); Bean, 

 T. H., 7th Rep. Forest Comm. N. Y. (1901), 1902: 301, fig., also color pi. (synon., names, size, New 

 York) ; Jordan and Evermann, Amer. Food Game Fish., 1 902 : 102, fig. (names, habits, size, descr.) ; Bean, 

 T. H., BuU. N. Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. 9, 1903 : 197 (synon., descr., local and techn. names, size, habits, 

 range); Fowler, Rep. N. J. St. Mus. (1905), 2, 1906: 95, 2 figs, (descr., habits, size, refs.); Smith, N. C. 

 geol. econ. Surv., 2, 1907: 121, fig. 40 (refs., descr., range. North Carolina, names, econ. import.); Ken- 

 dall, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 7, 1908: 37 (refs.. New Engl, locals.); Halkett, Check List Fish. 

 Canada, 1913: 47 (Campobello L, New Brunswick); Regan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) ig (112), 1917, 

 300 (descr.); Bigelow and Welsh, BuU. U. S. Bur. Fish. (1924), 40{\^, 1925: 105 (descr., size, range, 

 food. Gulf of Maine); Wilson, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 64 (17), 1925: 12 (host of parasitic copepod); 

 Hildebrand and Schroeder, BuU. U. S. Bur. Fish. (1927), 42 (i)> 1928: 83, figs. 42, 43 (synon., descr., 

 distinct, char., food, migr., other habits, Chesapeake Bay); Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE U.S., 

 ed. 13, 1929: 40 (diagn., range); Truitt, Bean, and Fowler, BuU. Md. Conserv. Dep., 3, 1929: 49 

 (descr., Maryland) ; Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atl. Cst., 1929: 65 (relation., range, habits, size); 

 Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 42 (range, synon.). 



Doubtful References: 



Clupea fusilla MitchiU, Rep. in part on Fishes of New York, 18 14: 20 (orig. descr.; type local, presumably 

 New York; type lost); MitchiU, Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N. Y., I, 181 5: 452 (descr.). 



Negative Reference: 



Pomolobus mediocris Evermann and Hildebrand, young, not of MitchiU, but P . pseudoharengus (Wilson), Proc. 

 biol. Soc. Wash., 2J, 1910: 158 (Chesapeake Bay locals.). 



Pomolobus aestivalis (MitchiU) 18 14 



Blueback Herring, Blueback, Glut Herring, Blue Herring, Summer Herring, 



Blackbelly, Alewife, Kyak 



Figures 69, 76, 77, 80, 8 i 



Study Material. A total of 75 or more specimens, 33—295 mm TL, 27-240 mm 

 SL; from off Liverpool, Nova Scotia; Freeport and Portland, Maine; Gloucester, 

 Cape Cod, and Woods Hole, Massachusetts; Noank, Connecticut; New York Bay, 

 N.Y. ; Washington, D. C. ; Chain Bridge, Bryans Point, Plum Point, Havre de Grace, 

 Patuxent River, Barren Island, and Smith Point, Maryland; Rappahannock River and 

 Buckroe Beach, Virginia; Avoca and Beaufort, North Carolina; and St. Johns River, 

 Florida; in USNM collections. 



Distinctive Characters. See Relationships, p. 330. 



Description. Proportional dimensions in per cent of standard length, and counts, 

 based on study specimens, 27-240 mm SL. 



Body: depth 21-33.5. 



Caudal peduncle: depth 8.0—10.5. 



Head: length 21.5-30. 



Snout: length 3.8-5.8. 



Eye: diameter 5.0-9.5. 



Interorbital: width 3.7—6.0. 

 Maxillary: length 9.0—13.2. 

 Pelvic fin: length 9.4-13.6. 

 Pectoral fin: length 15.5-2 1.5. 



