342 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



(1934), Suppl., 9, 1935: 89 (Mohawk-Hudson watershed, descr. of spawn.); Bigelow and Schroeder, 

 BuD. U. S. Bur. Fish., 48 (20), 1936: 327 (aduhs off Barnegat, New Jersey); Greeley, 26th Rep. N. Y. 

 Conserv. Dep. (1936), Suppl., 11, 1937: 90 (abund. Hudson R.; landlocked in reservoir and lake); 

 Greeley, 26th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1937), Suppl., 12, 1938: 62 (Allegheny and Chemung water- 

 sheds); Greeley, 28th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1938), 13, 1939: 39 (in fresh water. Long Island, 

 New York); Greeley, 28th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1938), Suppl., 15 (2), 1939: 82 (salt water. 

 Long Island, New York); Greeley, 29th Rep. N. Y. Conserv. Dep. (1939), Suppl., 16, 1940: 68 (notes 

 on alewife), 59-61 (abund. Lake Ontario; stunted growth in fresh water; annu. mortal., spawn.); Hubbs 

 and Lagler, Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci., 18, 1941 : 27 (range. Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron, where 

 introd.); Anonymous, Fish. Resourc., U. S. Senate Doc, 51, 1945: iii, 66, fig. (migr. range, commerc. 

 import., methods of capture, causes for decline, remedies, consid. with P. aestivalis)-., Bigelow and Schroe- 

 der, Fish. Bull. (74) U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 5J, 1953: loi (descr., habits. Gulf of Maine). 



Pomolobus psetidoharengus lacustris Jordan, Manual Vert. Anim. NE U.S., ed. i, 1876: 265 (orig. descr.; 

 type local. Cayuga Lake, New York; landlocked form subspecif distinct from anadromous one). 



Pomolobus mediocris Evermann and Hildebrand (not of Mitchill), Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 2J, 1910: 158 (notes 

 on young; found later to be fseudoharengus). 



Pomolobus sp., Pearson, Invest. Rep. U. S. Bur. Fish., j (10), 1932: 18 (in trawl catch, off Virginia capes). 



Doubtful References: 



Clupea parvula Mitchill, Rep. in part on Fishes of New York, 1 8 14: 21 (orig. descr. ; type local, presumably New 



York; type lost); Mitchill, Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N. Y., J, 1815: 452 (descr.). 

 Clupea virescens De Kay, New York Fauna, Pt. 4, Fishes, 1842: 252, pi. 13, fig. 37 (orig. descr.; type local. 



New York Bay; type lost). 

 Clupea pseudoharengus Lonnberg, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh., 5^(3), 1894: 114 (observed enter. St. 



Johns R., Florida in spring; probably P. aestivalis^. 

 Pomolobus pseudoharengus Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1899), 1900: 55 (St. Johns R., 



after Bean 1883 and Lonnberg 1894). 



Genus Brevoortia Gill 1861 

 Menhaden 



Brevoortia Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1861 : 37; genotype by original designation, Brevoortia menhaden 

 Gill equals B. tyrannus (Latrobe). 



Characters. Body oblong, compressed. Bony scutes present, the median line of 

 chest and abdomen with a sharp edge. Scales adherent, the exposed part much deeper 

 than long, the margin serrate or pectinate in adults; a series of modified scales pres- 

 ent next to median line on back in front of dorsal fin. Cheek deeper than long. 

 Mouth large. Maxillary extending to or beyond middle of eye. Upper jaw with a 

 distinct median notch. Lower jaw included in the upper one, not projecting, its up- 

 per margin (within mouth) nearly straight. Teeth wanting in adults. Lower limb of 

 first Gill arch with an obtuse angle. Gill rakers long and numerous, increasing in 

 number with age, those on upper limb of first arch extending downward and over 

 those on upper part of lower limb. Dorsal with 17—22 rays, the last one not greatly 

 produced; its origin about equidistant between rim of snout and base of caudal. Anal 

 with 17-25 rays, the last one little enlarged. Pelvic small, with 7 rays. Vertebrae 

 about 42-50. Intestine very long. Peritoneum black. 



Remarks. The species of this genus generally are recognizable by the strongly 



