392 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Range and Subspecies. H. clupeola is the most widely distributed species and has 

 almost the same range as Harengula humeralis. It is known from the Florida Keys, 

 Bahamas, West Indies, and Caribbean coast of Central and South America, from 

 Yucatan to Brazil. The species does not show variation throughout its range whereby 

 it can be broken up into geographical subspecies. 



Synonyms and References: 



Clupea clupeola Cuvier, R&gne Anim., ed. 2, 2, 1829: 318, ftn. (name only, applied to Duhamel's fig. 2 of 

 "Petit caiUeu," 1776); Regne Anim., Disciples ed., 1843: 274, ftn. (on "Petit caiUeu" of Duhamel, 

 1776); Jordan, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 7, 1884: 107 (compar., char.); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 

 App. 2, E (24), 1887: 33 (compar., Havana, Cuba); Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 9, 1887: 561 (part, synon., 

 West Indies); Storey, Stanf. Ichthyol. Bull., I (i), 1938: 42 (comments). 



Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani, Novi Comm. Acad. Inst. Bonon., 5, 1842: 320, pi. 23, figs. 1-4 (orig. descr., 

 Brazil); Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. Soc, J^ (3), 1871: 483 (New Providence, Bahamas); Jordan, 

 Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 9, 1887: 561 (synon. and ref. exclud.. West Indies); Cockerell, Inst. Jamaica Bull., 

 I, 1892: 15 (teeth, color, Jamaica); Storey, Stanf. Ichthyol. BuU., I (i), 1938: 44, fig. i 5 (char., compar., 

 holotype). 



Harengula latulus (not Clupea latulus Cuvier 1829), Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 20, 1847: 

 280, pi. 595 (orig. descr., Caen; Dieppe); Storey, Stanf. Ichthyol. Bull., J (l), 1938: 3, 36, fig. 1 5 

 (comments, nomencL, type local, doubtful, on cotype, cf. H. clupeola). 



Harengula clupeola Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 20, 1847: 289 (descr., Martinique); Gossc, 

 Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851: 210, 289 (used as bait, enemies, behav., Jamaica); Guichenot 

 in Sagra, Hist, fisica. polit. nat. Cuba, ^(2), 1853: 230 (diagn., comments, Cuba); Poey, Memorias, 

 Cuba, 2(49), i860: 310 (cf. H. sardina); Memorias, Cuba, 2 (50), 1861: 384, 395 (compar., doubt- 

 ful in Cuba); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, I, 1866: 378 (ref, range, Cuba); An. Soc. esp. Hist. Nat., 5, 

 1876: 147 (ref, comment, range, Cuba); Hill, Handbook of Jamaica, 1881: 126 (Jamaica); Jordan 

 and Bollman, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 11, 1889: 550 (Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas); Jordan, Evermann, 

 and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, App.ro, 1930:43 (range, ref., V/est Indies); Storey, 

 Stanf Ichthyol. Bull., J (l), 1938: 3, 13, 15, 23, 24, 29, 42, 49, 50, 51, figs. 1-3, 7-9, 11, 14, 16, 17 

 (relation., range, char., synon., descr., diagn., Panama; Glover Reef; St. Lucia; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; 

 Cuba; Garden Key, Bahamas; nomencl. on H. clupeola C. and V. 1847 and on Poey's No. 377 sp. dubia, 

 1861); Fowler, Fish Culturist, 29 (4), 1939: 28 (Bimini, Bahamas); Arqu. Zool. estad. Sao Paulo, j (6), 

 1941: 133 (Brazil); Fish Culturist, 22(2), 1942: 9 (vent, fin; Sheen Cay, Honduras); Monagr. Acad, 

 nat. Sci. Philad., 6, 1944: 124, 434, 456, fig. 28 (synon., ref , descr.. Old Providence I., Bahamas; 

 W.Caribbean; Honduras); Rivas, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 200(3263), 1950: 280, 289-292, pi. 3, 

 figs. 5, 6 (char, in key, synon., comments, compar., size, range). 



t Alosa bishopi Miiller and Troschel in Schomburgk's Hist. Barbados..., 1848: 675 (orig. descr.; compar., 

 size, use as food, Barbados); Hill, Handbook of Jamaica, 1881 : 125 (comments, Jamaica); Storey, Stanf. 

 Ichthyol. Bull., I (i), 1938: 49 (nomencl., orig. descr. quoted). 



Harengula species dubia Poey, Memorias, Cuba, 2 (50), 1861: 384; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 2, 1868: 418 

 (descr., cf H. clupeola, Cuba); Storey, Stanf Ichthyol. BuU., I (i), 1938: 49 (comments). 



Clupea humeralis (not Harengula humeralis Cuvier and Valenciennes 1847), Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 

 7, 1868: 422 (synon., ref, descr., range, all in part). 



Harengula pensacolae (not of Goode and Bean 1879), T. H. Bean, U. S. Fish Comm., 8, 1890: 206 (Cozumel, 

 Yucatin). 



Harengula macrophthalma Jordan, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 12, 1890: 645. 646 (char, in key, synon. and ref. 

 in part. Port Castries, St. Lucia); Jordan and Thompson, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 24, 1905: 233 (Garden 

 Key, Tortugas, Florida); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 6"], 191 5: 257 (St. Vincent, Lesser 

 Antilles); Regan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) jp, 1917: 388 (synon. in part, descr., range, Florida; West 

 Indies; Bahia; Fernando Noronha exclud.); Jordan, Copeia, 56, 191 8: 46 (Atlantic spp.) ; Fowler, Proc. 

 Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., yi (2), 1919: 133 (St. Martin, Lesser Antilles); 80, 1928: 462 (Puerto Rico); 

 Nichols, New York Acad. Sci., 10 (2), 1929: 202 (synon. and ref in part, distr., diagn., remarks, habits, 

 fig., Puerto Rico); Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, App. 10, 1930: 43 



