492 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



has suggested that the observed differences in coloration, spots, and flesh color in Lake 

 and Atlantic Salmon result solely from environmental differences {145)- 



Some of the lake populations were once regarded as being composed of distinct 

 species, but they are now generally considered subspecific. Instead of being distin- 

 guished from anadromous Atlantic Salmon by the scientific names Salmo sebago, S. 

 ouanankhe, and S. kardinii, they are usually referred to now as Salmo salar sebago, etc. 



Lake populations in North America are now found in Vermont, New Hampshire, 

 Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Newfoundland, and Labrador, and 

 formerly in Lake Ontario. They occur also in Norway, Sweden, and Russia. 



Synonyms and References:^' 



Salmo salar Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., j, 1758: 308 (European seas); Fabricius, Fauna Groenl., 1780: 170 (rep. w. 

 Greenland; not seen); Bloch, Naturg. Fisch. Dtsch., I, 1782: 128, 2 pis. (descr., habits, German fishery); 

 Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Meth. Ichthyol., 1788: 158, tab. i (descr.); Walbaum, J. F. Kleinii Ichthyol. 

 Enodata, 1793: 109 (Klein's [1749: 109] Trutta (3) dentata ident. as Salmo salar); Bloch and Schneider, 

 Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 398 (descr.); Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. Fish., 1802-1808: plates only; Lacepede, 

 Hist. Nat. Poiss., 5, 1803: 159 (genl.); Turton, C. Linne, Genl. Syst. Natur., Amend., I, 1806: 846 

 (descr., habits, n. Europe); Mitchill, Trans. Lit. philos. Soc. N.Y., I, 181 5: 435 (extinction from 

 Connecticut R., casual occur. Hudson R.); Davy, H., Salmonia, 1828: 273 pp. (descr., habits); Fleming, 

 Hist. Brit. Anim., 1828: 179 (descr., life hist.); Jenyns, Manual Brit. Vert. Anim., 1835: 421 (descr., 

 habits); Richardson, Fauna Boreal-Amer., Ft. 3, 1836: 145-157, pi. 91, fig. i (distr., descr., life hist.); 

 Shaw, Edinb. New Philos. J., 21, 1836: 99 (expts., observ. proving parr young salmon); Yarrell, Brit. 

 Fish., ed. I, 2, 1836: I, 6 figs, (descr., excell. ill., habits, abund., size, 83-lb. female); Henry, Trans. 

 Lit. Hist. Soc. Quebec, (i) 5, 1837: 347 (habits, Canada); Kroyer, Danmark's Fiske, 2, 1838: 53-540- 

 581 (descr., meas., genl. acct.; Danish); Parnell, Mem. Werner. Soc. Edinb., 7, 1838: 278, pi. 32, 

 fig. I, pi. 30 (descr., size, habits, life hist., diet, Scotland); Jardine, Brit. Salmonidae, i and 2, 1 839-1 841 

 (color ills.; not seen); Shaw, Trans, roy. Soc. Edinb., 14, 1840: 546, 2 pis. (parr growth, transform, to 

 smolts); De Kay, Zool. N.Y., 3, 1842: 241, 242, pi. 38, fig. 122 (descr., former abund. L. Ontario 

 and trib. of Hudson R.); Hamilton, Brit. Fish., 2, 1843: 116 (good genl. acct., parr growth, after 

 Shaw); Lilljeborg, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. Stockh., 1849: 35, 36 (European trout cf. S. trutta); 

 Perley, Fish. Gulf St.Lawrence, 1849: 126 (genl.); Fitzgibbon (Ephemera), Book of Salmon, X, 2, 

 1850: 157-242, 3 pis., 5 figs, (fishing, flies, life hist., size, artif propag., color ills, parr, smolt); Herbert 

 (Frank Forester), Fish Fish. U.S. and Brit. Prov., Canada, ed. 2, 1850: 54, i pi., 4 figs, (descr., life hist.); 

 Perley, Sea and River Fish. N. Brunsw., ed. 2, 1850 (status of fishery); Gosse, Nat. Hist. Fish., 1851 : 

 232, I fig. (genl., fly fishing in sea, size); Perley, Cat. Fish. N. Brunsw. and Nova Scotia, 1852: 199 (life 

 hist.); Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, Fisk., 4, 1855: 370 (refs., descr., genl. acct., Scandinavia, Igth.-wgt. 

 relation.); Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, 4, 1856: 143 (food, large specimens abund., fisher}-, Ireland, 

 parr descr.); Adamson, Canad. J. Industr. Sci. Art, (N.S.) 2, 1857: 1-7, i pi. (decrease, restor., preserv., 

 Canada); Davy, J., Trans, roy. Soc. Edinb., 21, 1857: 253 (doubts small salmonids, closely re- 

 sembling parr, a distinct species); Nettle, Salmon Fish. St.Lawrence, 1857: 1-129 (descr. fishery); Storer, 

 Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 6 (2), 1858: 320, pi. 25, fig. 2 (refs., descr., former abund. Merrimack R.); 

 Alexander, Salmon-fishing Canada, i860: 1-286 (acct. of salmon rivers) App. i = Adamson, 1857, App. 

 II = Henry, 1837; Jardine, Edinb. New Philos., (N.S.) J5, 1862: 203-231 (fishery in England, Wales); 

 Roosevelt (Barnwell), Game Fish, north, states Amer. and Brit. Prov., 1862: 88-115 (descr., habits, 

 salmon rivers, life hist.); Schlegel, Natuurl. Hist. Nederl., Vissch., 1862: 126, pi. 13, fig. i (genl.; 



19. References to the Atlantic Salmon are so numerous that only part of them are included here. Those listed provide 

 information about the Salmon in the western North Atlantic and in fresh water of North America, but some 

 European contributions dealing with taxonomy, distribution, and life history that are of particular importance are 

 also included. Publications repeating essentially the same information or results have been omitted for the most 

 part. References to Salmon are also included in most natural histories and in many annual reports or documents 

 on fish or fisheries by government departments of the United States, Canada (particularly the Fisheries Research 

 Board of Canada), and European countries where Salmon occur. 



