Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 499 



considered specifically distinct from the strictly freshwater type, but no specific difference 

 is now recognized. 



The Brown Trout is believed to have been first brought to North America in 1883. 

 In that year eggs were sent from Germany to New York. The next year a shipment 

 was sent from England. In 1884, the Lochleven trout, now considered to be the same 

 as the trout in other parts ot Great Britain and continental Europe, was introduced in 

 Newfoundland. Another variant known as the German Brown Trout was brought to 

 Newfoundland in 1892. 



Anadromous populations are well established on the Avalon Peninsula in southern 

 Newfoundland, where this species has spread through salt water to many streams, 

 some as far as 60 miles from the four original centers of introduction. H. W. 

 Walters, Director of the Wildlife Division of the Newfoundland Department of Mines 

 and Resources, believes that the native brook trout {S.fontinalis) is declining in numbers 

 in streams resorted to by the Brown Trout and that the latter will continue to spread to 

 still more rivers around Newfoundland. The anadromous Brown Trout is also reported 

 for the Guysborough River watershed. Nova Scotia, where it is taken chiefly in the 

 10—12 mile long estuary (information from James Cott), and a few are taken in some 

 streams and rivers of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. 



Salmo gairdneri Richardson 1836 

 Rainbow Trout, Steelhead Trout 



This species has been transplanted artificially from western to eastern North 

 America. In the west there are both anadromous and freshwater populations. Some of 

 the latter have diverged far enough from the parent stock to be regarded by some as 

 specifically distinct while the taxonomic status of others is still in doubt. The only 

 evidence that the Rainbow resorts to salt water in eastern North America is based on its 

 presumed natural extension from Crooked Creek, New Brunswick, to a few neighboring 

 streams, apparently by way of the Shepody River estuary into which Crooked Creek 

 flows. The sea-going individual is silvery when in salt water, but upon returning to 

 fresh water it becomes greenish with a pinkish or reddish band along the side, hence 

 the name "Rainbow." 



32' 



