APPENDIX 719 



have fallen into their tastes early, which kept him freer than any of 

 the others from the symptoms of the disease — wholly free, I believe. 

 Hadley and the Eskimos were entirely free of every symptom of ne- 

 phritis. 



In closing this summa,ry I must emphasize again that lean meat, 

 whether classed as pemmican, tinned beef, or anything else, is not 

 poisonous in itself and makes a suitable ingredient of a diet where 

 carbohydrates or fats play a part. But the foods saved from the 

 Karluk were pemmican, hard bread, tea, and tinned milk. The hard 

 bread soon gave out, the milk was never intended as anything but a 

 flavoring for the tea, and the tea itself was, of course, of no conse- 

 quence as food. The men who became iU and died had lived, therefore, 

 largely on the pemmican. Unfortunately it seems, too, that the preju- 

 dice against "blubber" prevented them from eating the fat that was 

 available froni the seals. Had they had bacon, butter, lard or some fat 

 to which white men are accustomed, they would doubtless in merely 

 following their tastes have eaten enough fat to protect them largely or 

 wholly from nephritis. 



We found [Hadley continues] millions of ducks and gulls at Cape 

 Waring. We immediately went to the rookery, a matter of three 

 miles from camp, but there was not a crowbill in sight though there 

 were plenty of gulls. I shot twelve gulls, one for each of the party, and 

 then returned to camp where McKinlay was waiting for me to return 

 with the team to fetch the sick. I put one gull for each of them on the 

 sled and he started back. The native caught a seal during the day, 

 which put us on Easy Street for the time. Next day McKinlay re- 

 turned from our old camp with the rest and I thought a few days' 

 feeding on ducks and duck soup would bring them around all right. 

 They were swelling up more and more all the time. I put this down 

 partly to the fact that they lay too much in their houses, never going 

 out. When they made tea they would dig snow from the side of the 

 house for the water. 



We got ducks and seals most every day and later three ugrugs 

 (bearded seals) and one small walrus. Eventually I told the native to 

 build a small umiak so that when the ice left the beach we could go 

 after walrus, he and I. But he thought a kayak would be better so he 

 built one, covering it with sealskins. Later we wished we had an 

 umiak instead, for when we had nothing to do and could get no more 

 ducks we could see walrus drifting by offshore by the hundreds sleep- 

 ing on the ice cakes. The Eskimo was too scared to go after them in 

 the kayak, for he was always used to hunting them from an umiak. 

 With a boat there is no trouble about getting meat. We had not tried 

 to save or bring ashore the big umiak on the Karluk. It was the 

 intention to let her sink with the ship, but after the Karluk sank 

 she was floating around in the water and I had got permission from 



