DT TNT TS eS NT C2. 
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PRE-ARYAN AMERICAN MAN. AT 
recoyered from a depth of upwards of fourteen feet among the rolled gravel and gold- 
bearing quartz of the Grinell Leads, in Kansas Territory, and is now in the Museum of 
the University of Toronto. Other specimens of flint implements, obtained from the 
auriferous gravels of California, were shown at the Paris Exposition of 1855. In the geo- 
logical report of Illinois for 1866 stone axes and flint spear-heads are described, obtained 
from a bed of local drift near Alton, underlying the loess, and at the same depth as bones 
of the mastodon. Colonel Charles C. Jones, in his “ Antiquities of the Southern Indians,” 
notes the discovery in the Nacoochee Valley, in the State of Georgia, of three flint imple- 
ments found at a depth of nine feet, among the gravel and boulders of the drift, and 
describes them as “in material, manner of construction, and appearance, so nearly resem- 
bling some of the rough so-called flint hatchets belonging to the Drift type, that they might 
very readily be mistaken the one for the other.’ * Other more or less trustworthy exam- 
ples of a like kind have been reported from time to time; among which may be noted a 
large specimen, now in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, said to have 
been found at Lewiston, in the State of New York, at a great depth, when sinking a well. + 
Some of the assumed illustrations of American palæolithic art are of doubtful antiquity. 
One implement, for example, from the Californian gravel drift, is a polished stone plummet 
perforated at one end, and not only modern in character, but as a genuine discovery in the 
gold-bearing gravels, tending to discredit the palæolithic origin assigned to ruder imple- 
ments found under similar circumstances. But the most startling examples of this class 
are of minor importance, when compared with reported discoveries of human remains in 
the Californian drift. In 1857, Dr. C. F. Winslow produced a fragment of a human skull 
found eighteen feet below the surface in the “pay drift” at Table Mountain, associated 
with remains of the mastodon and fossil elephant. More recently Professor J. D. Whitney 
exhibited, at the Chicago meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, a complete human skull, recovered at a depth of one hundred and thirty feet, in 
the auriferous gravel of Calaveras County, California, underlying five successive beds of 
lava and volcanic tufa, and youched for its geological antiquity. The gravel which 
adhered to the relic found imbedded in it is referred by him to the Pliocene age ; and Dr. 
J. W. Foster remarks of it, in his “ Prehistoric Races of the United States:”’ = “This skull, 
admitting its authenticity, carries back the advent of man to the Pliocene epoch, and is 
therefore older than the stone implements of the drift gravel of Abbeville and Amiens, or 
the relics furnished by the cave-dirt of Belgium and France.” In reality, however, the 
authenticity of the skull as a pliocene relic is not admitted. Like that of Guadaloupe; 
those found by Dr. Lund in the Brazil caves, and other fossil skulls of the American con- 
tinent, it proved, according to the trustworthy report of Dr. Wyman, to be of the ordinary 
Indian type ; though to some minds that only confirms the genuineness of the discovery. 
A human skull recovered from the delta of the Mississippi at New Orleans, and estimated 
by Dr. Dowler—on what, “to avoid all cavil,” he claimed to be extremely moderate assump- 
tions,—as not less than 57,000 years old, is grouped with others found by Dr. Lund in one 
of the Brazil caves, at Logoa Santa, and thus commented on: “ Numerous species of animals 

* Antiquities of the Southern Indians, p. 293. 
+ Prehistoric Man, 3rd Ed., vol. 1, p. 59. 
t Prehistoric Races, p. 54. 
