PRE-ARYAN AMERICAN MAN. 49 
the mammoth, the musk-sheep, and the reindeer in the valleys of the Garonne, Professor 
Dawkins reviews the manners and habits of the Eskimos as a race of hunters, fishers, and 
fowlers, accumulating round their dwellings vast refuse heaps similar to those of the 
ancient cave-men. Both were ignorant of the metallurgic arts, were excluded to a large 
extent by a like rigorous climate from access to stone or flint, while they habitually turned 
to account the available material, resulting from the spoils of the chase: bone, ivory, and 
deer’s horn, in the manufacture of all needful tools. The implements and weapons thus 
common to both do unquestionably prove that their manner of life was in many respects 
similar; and as Professor Dawkins notes what would scarcely seem surprising in any 
people familiar with the working in bone, viz: the use at times by the Eskimo of 
fossil mammoth ivory for the handles of their stone scrapers, he adds: “It is very 
possible that this habit of the Eskimos may have been handed down from the late 
pleistocene times.” But what strikes him as “the most astonishing bond of union between 
the cave-men and the Eskimos is the art of representing animals ;” and, after noting those 
familiar to both, along with the correspondence in their weapons, and habits as hunters, 
he says: “ All these points of connection between the cave-men and the Eskimos can, in 
my opinion, be explained only on the hypothesis that they belong to the same race.” * 
As to the ingenious imitative art of the Cro-Magnon cave-dwellers, it is by no means 
peculiar to them and the modern Eskimos ; but, on the contrary, is common to many savage 
races ; though by no modern savage people has a like degree of artistic ability been shown. 
Professor Dawkins says truly of the cave-man: “He possessed a singular talent for repre- 
senting the animals he hunted; and his sketches reveal to us that he had a capacity for 
seeing the beauty and grace of natural form not much inferior to that which is the result 
of long-continued civilization in ourselves, and very much higher than that of his successors 
in Europe in the Neolithic age. The hunter who was both artist and sculptor, who 
reproduced with his imperfect means at one time foliage, at another the quiet repose of a 
reindeer feeding, has left behind him the proof of a decided advance in culture, such as might 
be expected to result from the long continuance of man on the earth in the hunter state of 
civilization.” + All this is correct in reference to the art of the Vézére carvers and drafts- 
men; but it would be gross exaggeration if applied to such conventional art as the Eskimo 
arrow-straightener which Professor Dawkins figures, with its formal row of reindeer and 
their grotesque accessories. The same criticism is equally applicable to numerous other 
specimens of Eskimo art, and to similar Innuit, or western Eskimo representations of 
hunting scenes, such as those figured by Mr. William H. Dall, in his “ Alaska,” which he 
describes as “drawings analogous to those discovered in France in the caves of 
Dordogne.” ¢ 
The identity, or near resemblance between harpoons, fowling spears, marrow-spoons, 
and scrapers, of the ancient cave-race of pleistocene France and implements of the modern 
Eskimos, is full of interest ; as is much also of a like kind between savage races of our own 
day in the most widely severed regions of the globe; but it is a most slender basis on 
which to found such far-reaching deductions. The old race that lived on the verge of the 

* Early Man in Britain, p. 241. 
j Early Man in Britain, p. 244, 
{ Alaska and its resources, p, 237. 
Sec, IL, 1883. 7. 
