OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 174 
is Cycadeocarpus (Dioünites) Columbianus,* a species allied to the modern Diodn edule of 
Mexico, and also to species known in Europe and other parts of America as Wealden or 
Lower Cretaceous. With these are associated coniferous woods which indicate the existence 
of several species of trees allied to Sequoia and to Tuxus. The somewhat limited flora of 
these Middle Cretaceous coal-measures of the Queen Charlotte Islands was described by 
me in 1873,f and as no subsequent additions have been made to it, does. not need to be 
further noticed here. 
A small collection made by Dr. G. M. Dawson at Beaver Harbor, in the north end of 
Vancouver Island, and not improbably of Middle Cretaceous age, though later than the 
anthracite of Queen Charlotte Island, contains leaves of Salisburia or ginkgo, and also of 
the genus Newropteris. 
A somewhat larger and more varied collection, also made by Dr. G. M. Dawson, comes 
from Baynes’ Sound in Vancouver Island, and occurs in beds overlaid by characteristic Cre- 
taceous marine shells. It represents an Upper Cretaceous horizon, perhaps a little lower 
than that of the Nanaimo coal-field. It contains several species of ferns of the genera 
Teniopteris and Nilssonia, and other characteristic Mesozoic genera. Associated with these 
in the same specimens are leaves of the modern genera, Salix, Populus, Betula, Ulmus, Ceano- 
thus, Magnolia and Sassafras. There are also leaves of the curious genus Protophyllum, 
found by Lesquereux in the Cretaceous of Nebraska, and conifers of the genera Salisburia 
and Glyptostrobus. Baynes’ Sound is in the-Comox coal-basin of Vancouver Island, which, 
according to Mr. Richardson’s sections, is approximately on the same horizon with that 
of Nanaimo, on the same coast. ¢ 
The flora of Nanaimo and of Protection Island in its vicinity, has been collected by 
Mr. Richardson, and is proved by the animal fossils associated with it to be of Upper 
Cretaceous age. It holds species of ferns different from those of Baynes’ Sound, and affords 
species of Taxodinm, Sequoia and Salisburia, and leaves of a fan-palm (Subal), and of exogenous 
trees of the genera Diospyros, Populus, Juglans, Quercus, and other modern types. There is 
also fossil exogenous wood referable to some of the same genera. 
2.— Cretaceous of the North-West Territories. 
In the sandstones of the Pine River and Peace River districts, not far from the base of 
the Rocky Mountains, and about the latitude of 50°, there have been found, in addition to 
ferns and species of Sequoia and Glyptostrobus, a species of Cycadites, and leaves of Magnolia, 
Ficus, Protophyllum, Menispermites, Salix, Populus, Laurophyllum, Diospyros and Fagus. The 
specimens indicate a very luxuriant and varied flora, such as might find suitable habitat 
on the northern shore of the great warm-water Mediterranean, which, in the Middle 
Cretaceous, occupied the space between the Rocky Mountains and the high lands of 
Eastern America. Cretaceous mollusks are associated with the plants, and one of them 
is identical with a species found in Queen Charlotte Islands. Coal is also associated with 

* Discovered by Mr. James Richardson, and described and figured by the writer. Report Geol. Survey, 1872-3, 
+ Report of Geological Survey of Canada. 
{ Geological Survey of Canada, 1876-77. 
Sec. IV, 1882, 3 
