OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 38 
Taxodium distichum, (Miocenum.) Viburnum Nordenskioldii, Hr. 
Smilax Franklini. Pterospermites spectabilis, Hr. 
* Populus arctica, Hr. Pt. dentatus, Hr. 
* P. Richardsoni, Hr. Tilia Malgreni, Hr. 
* P. Hookeri, Hr. Phyllites aceroides, Hr. 
Salix Raeana, Hr. Carpolithes Seminulum, Hr. 
Betula macrophylla, Gpt. Hedera MacClurei, Hr. 
Corylus McQuarrii, Forbes. Magnolia Nordenskioldii, Hr. 
The only species common to the Mackenzie River beds and those further south, are 
those marked with an asterisk, but I believe that further comparison would increase the 
number of identical species. This I have not had time or opportunity to institute, since 
the receipt of Heer’s last memoir. I feel convinced, however, that the differences in species 
in the different localities of the Laramie, are caused largely by difference of station, and are 
increased by the different views taken by observers as to the generic affinities of leaves, 
and by description of mere varieties as distinct species. The poplars are especially open 
to this remark. The genus Populus seems to have been dominant over wide areas of the 
west from the later Cretaceous to the present time; and large quantities of material are 
available which will be of great value in determining horizons ; but at present the confusion 
of nomenclature of European and American authors is so great, that a thorough revision 
of the whole series seems to be required. 
Tertiary Plants from the Interior of British Columbia. 
I have referred above to these plants as occurring in deposits probably lacustrine and 
of later age than the Laramie of the plains. They may be of the same age with those of 
Burrard’s Inlet, noticed by Heer in his memoir on Vancouver plants, and with those of the 
Alaska and Bellingham Bay beds, described by Heer and Newberry, and with those 
described by Lesquereux, from some of the Tertiary deposits of the western territories of the 
United States, which have been referred to the Miocene period. 
I.— Quesnel and Blackwater Rivers* :— 
The plants from these places are contained in white lacustrine silt and brown ferru- 
ginous sandstone. They include leaves of Acer, Juglans, Carya, Castanea, Quercus, Fagus, 
Platanus, Betula, Rhamnus, Diospyros, Taxodium and Sequoia, along with many nuts and fruits 
probably belonging to the same species with some of the leaves. None of these species, 
except the Sequoia, seem to be identical with any from the Laramie or Cretaceous; but 
several are the same with American and European species regarded as Miocene. This flora 
is very rich, especially in fruits, and it is greatly to be desired that more extensive collec- 
tions should be made in it. The Quesnel beds have afforded a number of species of insects 
which have been described by Dr. Scudder, and are regarded by him as Tertiary.f 
> 


* G. M. Dawson, Report Geological Survey of Canada, 1875-6, 1877-8. 
+ G. M. Dawson, I. ec. 
Sec. IV., 1882 5 ‘ 
