62 ALEXANDER MURRAY ON THE 
passes over a polished and scratched surface, and is continued to the crest of the point, 
where a boulder seven feet in diameter is lying in it. The groove continues a short dis- 
tance more to the N. E., when it is lost by a break in the rock across its course. The 
groove is scratched in the same direction as its own bearing, N. 47° E., with others slightly 
oblique, N. 31° E. Two boulders, each about twelve feet in diameter, lie just outside the 
groove. Grooves were seen at Cat Point upon both vertical and horizontal surfaces, which 
apparently correspond with those observed on the Blue Hills behind, at the height of 839 
feet, bearing N. 43° E. in both cases. 
The observations taken on both sides of Holyrood were under boulders, which were 
themselves smoothed and scratched on the under surfaces where they were in contact with 
the rock. Mounds of gravel are heaped up between 200 and 300 feet high on each side of 
Holyrood. 
Topsail Head is so much weathered that markings are not easily discovered, although 
evidences of abrasion areabundant. At one part on quartzite, where they are only partially 
obliterated, grooves and scratches were found bearing N. 43° W. at the height of 650 feet, 
pointing exactly in a line with the small brook which falls into the lagoon at Topsail, and 
towards the western end of Great Bell Island in Conception Bay. The série on the islands 
resume nearly the normal bearing, N. 38° E. 
The rocks of the coast at St. John’s being favorable for the extension of striæ, they are 
well displayed at many parts, both inside and outside of the harbor. Near the top of 
Signal Hill, 525 feet almost vertically over the harbor, they are very distinctly displayed, 
bearing east, on smooth surfaces of hard altered sandstone and conglomerate, which con- 
tinue uninterruptedly, regardless of minor inequalities, but disappear at the vertical cliffs 
which face the sea. On the south side of the harbor, the bearings are uniformly N. 64 E. 
up to an altitude of 477 feet, but towards the tops of the hills, at 676 feet, they bear off 
more southerly 8. 86° E. Further north sfrie were observed on the high flat range over 
Tor Bay, bearing $. 76° E. at 300 feet; and at a hollow on the edge of the flat range west 
of Flat-rock Cove, they were traced about a quarter of a mile bearing N. 84 E. across the 
steep amphitheatre of hills that surrounds the cove, and again on Flat-rock Point. Winsor 
Pond, four miles N. E. from St. John’s, upon the Portugal Cove Road, is 500 feet above the 
sea, and consequently about the same height as Signal Hill. It seems to be a true rock- 
basin excavated in the slate of the country; the angular débris of which is abundantly 
strewed along its shores. The axis of the main body of the lake is nearly east and west, 
but it bends southerly towards the natural outlet (now dammed to turn its course for the 
water supply of the town of St. John’s), where its width is contracted to a few yards across. 
The depth of the middle part of the southern arm varies from twelve to sixty feet; the 
average, with the exception of the extreme end, about thirty feet. The middle part has not 
been satisfactorily ascertained, but the eastern end has no water deeper than forty-five feet, 
and averages about thirty at the centre, until approaching the landing at the eastern 
extreme, where it is quite shallow. It is surrounded by a number of smaller ponds, all 
tributary to it, or the stream below, which falls into Conception Bay. 
Bonavista Bay produces many fine examples of glacial denudation, and the evidences 
in that region as to the direction whence the drift has proceeded, all appear to point to the 
same conclusions. Freshwater Bay, at the N. W. angle of the great bay, is literally choked 
