72 ALEXANDER MURRAY ON THE 
States of Illinois and Indiana towards the regions of the Mississippi. Another branch of 
this great ice-sheet may be supposed to have come down the valley of the Ottawa, cutting 
out Lake Temiscaming, and the lakes in the lower valley to join the glaeier of the St. Law- 
rence, while the two united would pass down the Gulf, receiving innumerable tributary 
glaciers from the high lands on either side. The supposed submergence of 500 feet would 
place the surface of Lake Temiscaming 112 feet above the sea, which would thus reach up 
to or beyond the Allumette Lake, a few miles higher up the river than Fort Coulonge Lake, 
where the fossil caplin were found. But the evidences show that the deposits which 
contain these marine remains are of considerably later date than the boulder drift ; and 
the difficulty is to suggest what the conditions of land and sea were at the time the latter 
was in process of formation. Some few obscurities may be removed by the following 
quotation from Sir W. E. Logan’s Report of Progress for 1845-46. He says :— 
“ Freshwater shell marls occur in many places in the alluvial deposits of the Ottawa, 
and, within the phenomena which come within the recent period, rounded and polished 
rock surfaces, bearing parallel grooves and scratches, are of not unfrequent occurrence. They 
are met with on the Gatineau, half way between Farmers and Blindell’s Mills, where the 
direction of the scratches is about 8. 36° E.; on Glen’s Creek in Pakenham, where they are 
about north and south ; on the Allumette Lake, and at Montgomery’s clearing, where they 
are S .25° E. But on the shore of the Lake Temiscaming they are so numerous and are com- 
bined with other circumstances of so marked a character as to draw notice. The lake has 
already been described as long and narrow. The banks are in general bold and rocky, 
rising into hills 200 to 400 feet above its surface, with the exception of mouths of several 
transverse valleys occurring on the left bank among the slates, sandstones and limestones 
on the north side of the anticlinal axis. The general valley of the lake thus bounded pre- 
sents several gentle turns, the directions connected with two of which, reaching down to 
the mouth of the Keepawa River (thirty-five miles) are 158°, 191°, 156°, numbering the 
degrees from north as zero, round by east. The parallel grooves in these reaches of the 
valley, turn precisely with them, as if the bounds of the valley had been the guiding course of 
their bearings, and they are registered on various rounded and polished surfaces projecting 
into the lake, and sometimes rising to thirty or forty feet over its level. It was not easy to 
follow these to higher surfaces, for they were usually covered with moss and trees of the 
forest, but they were occasionally traced to spots where they thus became concealed. These 
projecting points never were found to deflect the grooved lines in the slightest degree, and 
one remarkable instance of this occurs on the east side of the lake, about a mile above the 
lower large island at the south horn of a pretty deep bay. The rock belongs to the Slate- 
Conglomerate, and it is composed of pebbles and boulders of igneous origin. Its face is a 
clear, smooth, rounded surface cutting through pebbles which are polished down with the 
other parts. It is very deeply grooved with parallel furrows on the bearing 160° and from 
the water’s edge they run obliquely up the face (an inclined plane of 60° in an upward 
direction 102°) and continue on in the same bearing 160° on the rounded and rather flat- 
tened top, thirty-five feet above the lake ; so that whatever body moving downwards in the 
valley may have caused the grooves, it was not deflected by meeting with a surface, pre- 
senting athirty-five feet height in front, so steep as 60°, notwithstanding it impinged upon 
it at an angle of more than 32°. On the summit of the rock, there is another set of parallel 
