THE FAUNA OF THE ST. JOHN GROUP. 89 
is much affected by slaty cleavage, and the fossils are so much distorted, especially in the 
upper part, as to be unrecognizable. 
In the beds of Division 2, a return of littoral conditions, and the influx of sand, inter- 
fered with the prosperity of the crustacean fauna, and as in the lower sand _ beds of Divi- 
sion 1., linguloid shells become the prevailing fossils. The Paradoxides which I will 
describe in this article, are those of the intermediate mud-beds, now converted into a 
mass of slaty rock (Division 1e). 
Trilobites were first found in this formation by Rev. C. R. Matthew, in 1862, at Cold- 
brook, five miles N. E. of St. John, but these specimens were so much distorted by slaty 
cleavage as to be barely recognizable as trilobites. Specimens, however, were subsequently 
found near St. John, in the same band of slates, but in a much better state of preservation. 
Owing to a misapprehension on the part of the late Professor F. C. Hartt as to the locality 
from which these fossils came, the species when described by him were accredited to Cold- 
brook, whereas they were really found within the limit of the town of Portland, just 
northward of St. John. 
These collections, with those of the Geological Survey of New Brunswick (1864), sup- 
plemented by a collection made by Prof. Hartt’s father, J. W. Hartt, in the following year, 
formed the material from which Prof. Hartt described the species peculiar to this formation. 
A preliminary notice of these fossils was published in Dr. L. W. Bailey’s report on the 
geological survey of New Brunswick (Fredericton, 1865), and it was shown that they 
were equivalent to the primordial fauna of Bohemia; but the full descriptions of the 
species did not appear at that time. These were given subsequently in the new edition 
(1868) of the Acadian Geology, by Dr. J. W. Dawson. The forms described by Prof. Hartt 
were Conocephalites (Conocoryphe), 14 species ; Agnostus, 2 species ; Microdiscus, 1 species ; 
Paradozides, 1 species ; Lingula, 1 species ; Obolella, 1 species ; Orthis, 1 species; Discina, 1 
species ; and (by the late Mr. E. Billings) Eocystites, 1 species. Prof. Hartt’s engagements 
in the United States and his explorations in Brazil, whither he finally transferred himself 
after his appointment as director of the Geological Survey of that country, prevented him 
from giving any further attention to the geology of this region ; and from the time of the 
publication of his species in the Acadian Geology, but little has been added to our knowl- 
edge of the fauna of the St. John group. 
Collections made from time to time during the progress of the Canadian geological 
survey in New Brunswick, were examined by the late Mr. Billings, paleontologist to the 
survey, and among these were found fragments of Elliptocephalus and Salterella, and remains 
of two species of Hyolithes. Beside these, there are the supposed plant remains Palæophycus, 
Eophyton, etc., of the higher divisions of the St. John group, to which I need not refer 
further in this connection. 
In the spring of 1877, I made large collections of material from this formation with 
the intention of studying its fauna, but these were destroyed in the disastrous fire which 
swept over the city of St. John in the summer of that year. I have since renewed these 
collections in part, and the following article describes the remains of Paradoxides found in 
the materials collected in these later years. 
Conditions under which the fossils are found. 
One great obstacle to the study of the organic remains of these ancient rocks is the 
Sec. IV, 1882. 12 
