124 WILLIAM SAUNDERS ON THE INFLUENCE OF 
selected as the female, and crossed with Buckland’s Sweet-water, a large, greenish-white 
grape, one of the progeny of Vitis vinifera of Europe. The Clinton is a rapid and vigorous 
grower, and very hardy ; it produces a medium-sized bunch, long, narrow, and compact, 
and often shouldered; the berries are below medium size, round and black. The male, 
Buckland’s Sweet-water, is a less vigorous grower, the berries are large and oval, the 
bunch is large and loose. The hybrid resulting from this cross resembles the Clinton in its 
hardiness and vigorous growth, alsoin the character of its foliage, but the fruit is greenish- 
white; the berries are oval, and intermediate in size and quality between the parents. The 
bunch is larger than the Clinton, and much less compact. There is a change also in the 
form of the seeds, which resemble those of Buckland’s Sweet-water. 
In another instance the Clinton was crossed with Muscat Hamburgh. This is a high- 
flavored variety of Vitis vinifera grown under glass, with a large oval, black berry, and a 
loose bunch. Several of the seedlings of this parentage have borne fruit of excellent 
quality. The berries are oval, larger than Clinton, the bunches loose, and the fruit inter- 
mediate in quality between that of the parents. The seeds are quite long, much re- 
sembling those of Muscat Hamburgh, while in habit and foliage the vines resemble the 
Clinton. 
A cross between the Clinton and the Syrian, another greenish-white grape of the Vini- 
fera class was also effected. The Syrian bears enormous bunches of rather watery and in- 
sipid grapes. This hybrid also bears a greenish-white grape, but neither the bunch nor 
the berry is so much increased in size as might have been expected. 
Some crosses were also made between the Clinton and the Muscat Otonelle, a delicious 
little white grape of the Vinifera class, smaller in berry and bunch than the Clinton. 
These hybrids vary in colour, some being black, others white ; the fruit in every instance 
is improved in quality, but is small in size, while, as in the other instances given, the 
vines partake largely of the character of the Clinton in growth. 
Another series of hybrids was produced by taking the Concord as the female. This 
grape is related to Vitis labrusca, and has thick, leathery leaves, downy on the under side, 
while the leaves of the varieties of Vitis vinifera are smooth and comparatively thin in tex- 
ture. The fruit of the Concord is large, round and black. All the hybrids resemble the 
Concord in foliage, but they vary very much in the character of their fruit. Several crosses 
with a large white grape, known as the Duchess of Buccleugh, produced grapes which 
were larger than Concord, and which varied in colour on different vines from red to black ; 
most of them were finer in quality than Concord, but require a longer season in which to 
ripen. 
Hybrids between Concord and Delaware, the latter a small red grape, produced in one 
instance a black grape, in another a dark red one. 
A natural seedling, but little m advance of the wild form of Vitis cordifolia, which re- 
quires some frost to ripen it well, was also selected as a foundation to workon. This was 
taken as the female, and crossed with the August Muscat (Muscat d’ Aout), which is a very 
early red grape, belonging to Vitis vinifera. The hybrids bore either red, white, or black 
fruit, all ripening much earlier than that of the female parent, and intermediate in size and 
quality betwixt the two. 
In gooseberries, among other crosses, one was obtained between the wild prickly 
gooseberry of our woods, Ribes cynosbati, as female, and one of the cultivated English 
Ee SE Se ne So eee 
