THE HALF-BEEED. 7 



Distinct from the Egyptians and yet closely associated with them were the ancient 

 Libyans of North Africa, who probably may be identified with the Iberian predecessors of 

 the Aryans on the opposite shores of the Mediterranean. In the course of time, they, like 

 their hypothetic kinsmen in Europe, were destined to be absorbed by newcomers of every 

 northern and eastern race, as well as by their more ancient rivals, the negroes of the interior. 

 Of the early settlers in Asia Minor, Sayce is of opinion that to the Phrygians alone can be 

 ascribed a fairly i^ure Aryan ancestry, the Mysians and Lydiaus being essentially mixed 

 And, if mixed at the remote period before the Ionian migration, the settlement of the Colts 

 in G-alatia, and the influx of horde after horde from the inexhaustible officina geniivm of 

 Mid- Asia, what must Asia Minor have been in later times when all the gxeat empires of the 

 ancient, medieval and modern worlds had successively filled it with their colonists? The 

 explorations of Dr. Schliemanu in tlie Troad show how many successive races had at an 

 early date made themselves masters of that corner of the peninsula alone. 



The labours of the pahcontologist and the philologist have done much to illustrate the 

 early and later ethnology of Europe. From the rude rival of the beasts of prey of the 

 Canstadt type to the Turkish concjueror of the degenerate Byzantine, they have set before 

 us, with a definiteness that increases with time, the physical features, the arts and, 

 except in the case of the fossil men, the languages of the successive types of humanity by 

 which Europe has been peopled. We know now that, long before the first westward Aryan 

 wave was set in motion, Europe had been inhabited by races, isolated representatives of 

 some of which still si>eak the ancient languages of their ancestors. On the ground which, 

 starting from the far east, we have already traversed in search of mixed races, the evidence 

 of their existence is thus summed up by de Quatrefages : " In China and especially in Japan, 

 the white allophylian blood is mixed with the yellow blood in different proportions ; the 

 white Semitic blood has penetrated into the heart of Africa ; the negro and Houzouaua types 

 have mutually penetrated each other and produced all the Kafiir populations situated west 

 of the Zulus of Arabian origin ; the Malay races are the result of the amalgamation, in 

 different proportions, of whites, yellows and blacks ; the Malays proper, far from constitut- 

 ing a species, as polygenists consider them, are only one population, in which, under the 

 influence of Islamism, these various elements have been more completely fused. I have 

 quoted at random the various preceding examples, to show how the most extreme types of 

 mankind have contributed to form a certain number of races. Need I insist upon the 

 mixtures which have been accomplished between the secondary types derived from the 

 first. In Europe what population can pretend to purity of blood ? The Basques them- 

 selves, who apparently ought to be well protected by their country, institutions, and lan- 

 guage, against the invasion of foreign blood, show upon certain points, in the heart of their 

 mountains, the evident traces of the juxtaposition and fusion of very different races. As 

 for the other nations ranging from Lapland to the Mediterranean, classical history, although 

 it does not go back for a great distance in point of time, is a sufiicient proof that crossings 

 are the inevitable result of invasions, wars, and political and social events. Asia presents, as 

 we know, the same spectacle ; and, in the heart of Africa, the Gagas, playing the part of 

 the horde of Gengis-Khan, have mixed together the African tribes from one ocean to the 

 other." ' 



' The Human Species, pp. 273, 4. 



